The literature on credit underwriting assessment is huge, but many are designed for consumer banking. Given that most banks in Indonesia got their revenue from commercial banking activities, it critical to recall the main characteristics of current practice as recorded published papers with cases Indonesia's MSMEs risk assessment. This study discusses industry standard loan origination framewor...

We provide evidence of “soft” information production in investment banking. Using 2191 municipal bond offerings from 1997-2001, we find that “local” investment banks have substantial comparative and absolute advantages over non-local counterparts – locals charge lower fees and sell bonds at lower yields. Local investment banks’ strongest comparative advantage is at underwriting bonds with highe...

Risk management is a central function of banks. Our model examines how banks use this ability to shift risk away from entrepreneurs. To create incentive compatibility, banks must assume some of the entrepreneurial risks, e. g. by underwriting OTC hedging contracts or granting loans. The arising bankruptcy risk causes potential contagion. A conflict of interest emerges because banks prefer a div...

It has been twenty years since DeWit (1982) first applied fuzzy logic (FL) to insurance. That article sought to quantify the fuzziness in underwriting. Since then, the universe of discourse has expanded considerably and now also includes FL applications involving classification, projected liabilities, future and present values, pricing, asset allocations and cash flows, and investments. This ar...