TO THE EDITOR: Ideally, anti-doping testing is designed to ensure fair competition and prevent athletes’ harm from unfair practices. While the former issue is questionable, since fairness in sports is mostly a chimera, the latter is foremost and theoretically viable (1–3). The recent study of Lundy et al. (5) proved what everybody in the field of laboratory and sports medicine has supposed for ...

Annually about 100,000 acute cardiac deaths occur in Germany. For this reason, there is the obvious need, from a public health perspective, to inform the population about possible measures of their prevention and treatment. Ultimately every patient or admission referring doctor can be thought of as a recipient of "marketing". Other than within the context of economics, in medicine the subject o...

Teknolojide meydana gelen gelişmeler dünyayı küresel bir köy haline getirmiştir. Kitle iletişim araçlarının yaygınlaşması özellikle internet ağının dünya çapında her geçen gün genişlemesi zaman ve mekân sınırlarına takılmadan farklı tabiiyetlere mensup olan kişilerin daha kolay biçimde etkileşim içine girmesini sağlamıştır. Dünyanın yerinden insanın içinde olmasını sağlayabilen elektronik ortam...

Unfair treatment may evoke more negative emotions in individuals scoring higher on neuroticism, thereby possibly impacting their decision-making in these situations. To investigate the neural basis of social decision-making in these individuals, we examined interpersonal reactions to unfairness in the Ultimatum Game (UG). We measured brain activation with fMRI in 120 participants selected based...

Economists in the U.S. Federal Trade Commission’s Bureau of Economics perform economic analysis support dual missions to protect consumers and competition by preventing anticompetitive, deceptive, unfair business practices through law enforcement, advocacy, education. This article first presents summaries analyses that FTC economists performed estimate consumer harm from two different types dec...