A locally irregular graph is a in which the end vertices of every edge have distinct degrees. coloring G any such that each colors induces subgraph G. colorable if it allows coloring. The chromatic index G, denoted by χirr′(G), smallest number used local irregularity conjecture claims all graphs, except odd-length paths, cycles and certain class cacti are three colors. As valid for graphs with ...

A set <em>W</em> is called a local resolving of <em>G</em> if the distance <em>u</em> and <em>v</em> to some elements are distinct for every two adjacent vertices in <em>G</em>. The metric dimension minimum cardinality connected graph split <em>V</em>(<em>G</em>) can be partitioned into subsets <em>V</e...

Given a set ξ = {H1,H2, · · ·} of connected non acyclic graphs, a ξ-free graph is one which does not contain any member of ξ as copy. Define the excess of a graph as the difference between its number of edges and its number of vertices. Let Ŵk,ξ be theexponential generating function (EGF for brief) of connected ξ-free graphs of excess equal to k (k ≥ 1). For each fixed ξ, a fundamental differen...

Given a set ξ = {H1,H2, · · ·} of connected non acyclic graphs, a ξ-free graph is one which does not contain any member of ξ as copy. Define the excess of a graph as the difference between its number of edges and its number of vertices. Let Ŵk,ξ be theexponential generating function (EGF for brief) of connected ξ-free graphs of excess equal to k (k ≥ 1). For each fixed ξ, a fundamental differen...

Consider a graph each of whose vertices is either in the ON state or in the OFF state and call the resulting ordered bipartition into ON vertices and OFF vertices a configuration of the graph. A regular move at a vertex changes the states of the neighbors of that vertex and hence sends the current configuration to another one. A valid move is a regular move at an ON vertex. For any graph G, let...

Degree sequence measurements on graphs have attracted a lot of research interest in recent decades. Multiplying the degrees adjacent vertices graph Ω provides multiplicative first Zagreb index graph. In context theory, generalized is defined as product sum αth powers vertex Ω, where α real number such that α≠0 and α≠1. The focus this work extremal for several classes including trees, unicyclic,...

The metric dimension dim(G) of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality subset $S$ vertices such that each vertex uniquely determined by its distances to $S$. It well-known can be drastically increased modification single edge. Our main result consists in proving increase an edge addition amortized sense if spanning tree $T$ plus $c$ edges, then at most $6c$. We use this prove weakening conjectur...

A paired dominating set $P$ is a with the additional property that has perfect matching. While maximum cardainality of minimal in graph $G$ called upper domination number $G$, denoted by $\Gamma(G)$, cardinality $\Gamma_{pr}(G)$. By Henning and Pradhan (2019), we know $\Gamma_{pr}(G)\leq 2\Gamma(G)$ for any without isolated vertices. We focus on graphs satisfying equality $\Gamma_{pr}(G)= 2\Gam...

The eigenvalues of G are denoted by [Formula: see text], where n is the order of G. In particular, [Formula: see text] is called the spectral radius of G, [Formula: see text] is the least eigenvalue of G, and the spread of G is defined to be the difference between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the set of n-vertex unicyclic graphs, each of whose vertices...