The mid-1970's marked a turning point in Italy's industrial relations system . At that time, the system appeared to be a case of pluralism, recognized and supported by the statute of workers' rights (Act 300/1970). The main aspects and institutions of industrial relations remained outside the legal regulation . In fact, trade unions and employers' associations exercised joint power. Trade union...

Credit Unions have been exposed to a challenging economic environment over the past several years. The turmoil has been marked by numerous failures and consolidations within the Credit Union industry, coupled with increased regulatory scrutiny. However, some Credit Unions have fared better than others. Variation in the performance of Credit Unions, each exposed to a relatively similar economic ...

Randall Eberts explores the role of teachers unions in public education. He focuses particularly on how collective bargaining agreements shape the delivery of educational services, how unions affect both student achievement and the cost of providing quality education, and how they support educational reform efforts. Eberts's synthesis of the empirical research concludes that union bargaining ra...

BACKGROUND Grafting is an established practice for asexual propagation in horticultural and agricultural crops. The study on graft unions has become of interest for horticulturists using proteomic and genomic techniques to observe transfer of genetic material and signal transduction pathways from root to shoot and shoot to root. Another reason to study the graft unions was potentially to observ...

the world health organization (who) has supported and recommended study and research on the various aspects of leishmaniasis which is one of the six major tropical region diseases. cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered as a common parasitic disease in iran. considering the fact that few studies have been conducted about some centers of disease such as khorram-shahr and the information about the...

For some twenty years now, it has been common to refer to a crisis of trade unionism. What the future holds for labour movements – or indeed, whether they even have a future – seems increasingly uncertain. For many trade unionists as well as academics, unions in most countries appear as victims of external forces outside their control, and often also of their own conservative inertia. But union...

OBJECTIVE To estimate influenza-associated mortality in Bangladesh in 2009. METHODS In four hospitals in Bangladesh, respiratory samples were collected twice a month throughout 2009 from inpatients aged < 5 years with severe pneumonia and from older inpatients with severe acute respiratory infection. The samples were tested for influenza virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) using polymerase chain rea...

The paper discusses the interactions between trade unions and migrants in the case of intra-EU migration following the EU enlargement eastwards. Against representations of unions as insiders’ exclusionary organisations, it will point at the rich evidence of cooperation within unions and migrants. In the case of the EU, it is argued, unions have particular incentives to organise migrants rather ...

Identifying populations of organizations has been a signiWcant methodological challenge for scholars interested in examining various organizational dynamics. A common solution has been to rely upon a prior list or database of organizations. One such database on voluntary national organizations is the Encyclopedia of Associations (EA), a standard tool for sociologists and political scientists in...

We consider a model of wage determination with private information in a duopoly. We investigate the effects of unions having relative concerns on the negotiated wage and the strike activity. We show that an increase of unions' relative concerns has an ambiguous effect on the strike activity.