The effect of physical conditioning on skeletal muscle of individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) has been investigated. The anterior portion of the deltoid muscle (active in wheel-chair propulsion) of untrained and endurance-trained paraplegics and tetraplegics, as well as that of untrained able-bodied subjects, was studied. The characterization involved fibre type distribution, capillariz...

PURPOSE This study investigated the combined effect of green tea and acute interval sprinting exercise on fat oxidation of trained and untrained males. METHODS Fourteen trained and 14 untrained males ingested one capsule containing either green tea or cellulose with breakfast, lunch, and dinner, 24 hours before two exercise sessions. A fourth capsule was consumed 90 minutes before exercise af...

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of endurance training on heart rate (HR) recovery after exercise and cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation in female marathon runners by comparing with untrained controls. Six female marathon runners (M group) aged 32-40 years and eight age-matched untrained females (C group) performed a maximum-effort treadmill running exercis...

It is well established that exercise training results in increased muscle oxidative capacity. Less is known about how oxidative capacities in distinct muscles, in the same individual, are affected by different levels of physical activity. We hypothesized that 1) trained individuals would have higher oxidative capacity than untrained individuals in both tibialis anterior (TA) and vastus laterali...

Sumo wrestling is unique in combat sport, and in all of sport. We examined the maximum aerobic capacity and body composition of sumo wrestlers and compared them to untrained controls. We also compared "aerobic muscle quality", meaning VO2max normalized to predicted skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (VO2max /SMM), between sumo wrestlers and controls and among previously published data for male athletes...

Exercise training improves arterial baroreflex control in heart failure (HF) rabbits. However, the mechanisms involved in the amelioration of baroreflex control are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would increase the afferent aortic depressor nerve activity (AODN) sensitivity in ischemic-induced HF rats. Twenty ischemic-induced HF rats were divided into trained (n = 11) ...

INTRODUCTION Sexual assistance may have some aspects that resemble prostitution and others that might lead one to think of sexual assistants as similar to a group of subjects whose sexual object is disability (devotees). In this study, we investigate whether a rigorous selection and training process on the part of specialised organisations may reduce the risk of training subjects with an atypic...

PURPOSE The typicality treatment approach on improving naming was investigated within 2 inanimate categories (furniture and clothing) using a single-subject experimental design across participants and behaviors in 5 patients with aphasia. METHOD Participants received a semantic feature treatment to improve naming of either typical or atypical items within semantic categories, whereas generali...

The brain site of perceptual learning has been frequently debated. Recent psychophysical evidence for complete learning transfer to new retinal locations and orientations/directions suggests that perceptual learning may mainly occur in high-level brain areas. Contradictorily, ERP C1 changes associated with perceptual learning are cited as evidence for training-induced plasticity in the early vi...

After spinal cord transection, the generation of stepping depends on neurotransmitter systems entirely contained within the local lumbar spinal cord. Glutamate and glycine likely play important roles, but surprisingly little is known about how the content of these two key neurotransmitters changes to achieve weight-bearing stepping after spinal cord injury. We studied the levels of glutamate an...