Previous research suggests that, during visual search and discrimination tasks, older adults place greater emphasis than younger adults on top-down attention. This experiment investigated the relative contribution of target activation and distractor inhibition to this age difference. Younger and older adults performed a singleton discrimination task in which either an E or an R target (colour s...

Scania has performed well above average in the heavy truck industry during a considerable time span. Scania's sources of competitive advantage are presented and their interrelations and significance for the business strategy analysed in order to explain the success of Scania. Strategic issues are traditionally analysed in a top-down procedure starting with the corporate strategy and proceeding ...

Jointly parsing two languages has been shown to improve accuracies on either or both sides. However, its search space is much bigger than the monolingual case, forcing existing approaches to employ complicated modeling and crude approximations. Here we propose a much simpler alternative, bilingually-constrained monolingual parsing, where a source-language parser learns to exploit reorderings as...

Measuring knowledge related performance in organizations usually is conceptualized on the basis of a strategic resp. top down-approach of KM measurement. Unfortunately, such a strategic approach has some important disadvantages: (1) It is difficult to get commitment from senior managers regarding the investment into strategic KM projects; (2) Due to the complexity of the organizational system i...

In this paper we illustrate how the capacity to select the most appropriate actions when handling contexts affording multiple conflicting actions can be solved either through a selective attention strategy (in which the stimuli affording alternative actions are filtered out at the perceptual level through top-down regulation) or at later processing stages through an action selection strategy (t...

Due to increased complexity and flexibility of processes and lack of modelling information, workflow processes are not always defined completely before their execution. Support for incompletely specified processes which require on-the-fly articulation of processes has become a desirable feature of workflow management systems. Unfortunately, this aspect is rather weak in contemporary workflow re...

The information technology (IT) support function in business organizations has evolved from “end user computing” support in the 1980’s to what is now referred to as “information centers” or “IT Help Desks.” In recent years the IT Help Desk has become a strategic focus of management. In a top-down performance-enhancing effort, management often employs statistics to help make system resource allo...

In 2014, a radical shift took place in Danish water planning. Following years of a top-down water planning approach, 23 regional water councils were established to co-create and provide input to Danish authorities on the development of River Basin Management Plans (RBMP). The water councils advised local authorities on the application of measures to improve the physical conditions in Danish str...

Competence Management approaches suggest promising instruments for more effective resource allocation, knowledge management, learning support, and human resource development in general. However, especially on the level of individual employees, such approaches have so far not been able to show sustainable success on a larger scale. Piloting applications like expert finders have often failed in t...

Considerable attention is currently focused on using information technology to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. Numerous mini-cases have been used to illustrate the use of information systems for competitive advantage, and various conceptual frameworks have been proposed to aid in the identification of such applications. Much of this work is grounded in a single concept of strategy fo...