Objective: The utility of virtual reality (VR) pain management to reduce visceral or autonomic responses is presented in 115 cases during diagnostic upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Methodology: 115 patients with peptic disease and gastro-oesophageal reflux were given an upper GI endoscopy with local anaesthesia. They were divided into two groups, 56 treated with VR and 59 without VR duri...

Why use Buscopan during diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy? EDITOR,-In their audit of upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy (Gut 1995; 36: 462-7), Quine et al considered the issues surrounding the use of anticholinergic agents during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. They found that although most procedures were performed without the use of either hyoscine butyl-bromide (Buscopan, Boehring...

Background and Aims. Upper endoscopy is a valuable tool in the workup of gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. The purpose of this study is to determine cost and yield of taking biopsies in a normal upper GI tract. Methods. This is a retrospective study where all upper GI biopsies were identified between May 2012 and April 2013, at a tertiary care center. Clinical, procedural, and pathology reports...

Drug induced sleep endoscopy is the most important investigation before surgical planning of obstructive sleep apnea patient. It is performed by artificially inducing sleep in a patient and performing nasal endoscopy in order to identify the site of upper airway obstruction. The most appropriate anesthetic agent would be that which induces sleep without any respiratory inhibition. Propofol has ...