The discovery that hemoglobin, albumin, and glutathione carry and release nitric oxide (NO) may have consequences for movement of NO by blood within microvessels. We hypothesize that NO in plasma or bound to proteins likely survives to downstream locations. To confirm this hypothesis, there must be a finite NO concentration ([NO]) in arteriolar blood, and upstream resistance vessels must be abl...

A model of vertical integration is studied. Upstream firms sell differentiated inputs; downstream firms bundle them to make final products. Downstream products are sold as option contracts, which allow consumers to choose from a set of commodities at predetermined prices. The model is illustrated by examples in telecommunication and health markets. Equilibria of the integration game must result...

In this study, the spatial and temporal variability of water quality including monthly series of TDS, EC, So4, Cl, Ca and Na in common statistical period 1993-2014 was evaluated for the Karun River. This assessment is based on qualitative data stations including Susan in the upstream of Gotvand reservoir, Gotvand, Mollasani and Ahvaz in the downstream. To determine the parameters trend process,...

Fish assemblage was investigated during the study of longitudinal profile of the Ehania River Basin in south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire. This area is subjected to intense human activities with many plantations (palm tree, banana, pineapple, coffee, rubber and cocoa). Samples were collected, with gillnets of different mesh sizes, through 6 sampling surveys during dry and rainy seasons from February 2...

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of socioeconomic factors on fish catch around the Lower Ogun River in Isheri-Olofin area (downstream) and Ishasi (upstream). Two hundred and fifty (250) respondents were randomly sampled. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chisquare. It was found that a large percentage (74.4%) owned personal fishing craft.18% of the respon...

rade control structures are used to control bed erosion in steep small rivers mostly in the mountains. scour downstream of this structure can lead to failure. over the past years, the effect of different variables on this phenomena have been studied, however the effect of upward seepage which is common due to head difference of the banks water table or water surface level between the upstream a...

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are known to regulate a few specific transcripts, and recent computational and experimental studies have suggested candidate uORF regulation across the genome. In this issue, Johnstone et al (2016) use ribosome profiling to identify translated uORFs and measure their effects on downstream translation. Furthermore, they show that regulatory uORFs are conserve...