The organosilicon compounds octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) are high production volume chemicals that are widely used in household goods and personal care products. Due to their prevalence and chemical characteristics, cyclic siloxanes are being assessed as possible persistent organic pollutants. D4, D5, and D6 were me...

OBJECTIVE To determine the perceived neighborhood environment (NE) variables that are associated with physical activity (PA) in urban areas in China. METHODS Parents of students at two junior high schools in Shanghai, one downtown and the other in the suburbs, were recruited to participate in the study. They completed an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Neighborhood En...

This paper explores the traffic, land use and welfare impacts of road pricing in the Austin region, introducing planned toll roads, implementing marginal cost pricing (MCP) on main roads, applying tolls to existing bridges, and instituting a downtown tolled cordon. Different toll scenarios are examined, including fixed versus variable tolling, and tolls based on time of day, traffic, and travel...

Rapid population growth and urbanization have led to the development of high-density high-rise structures around world. Tall in proximity can negatively affect pedestrian comfort by directing strong winds ground near structure. Pedestrian level wind (PLW) may local businesses/services, extreme cases jeopardizes safety. The downtown portion City Toronto (?10 km 2 ) was chosen as study region due...