Wageningen Systems is a research program of Wageningen UR and based on the assumption that knowledge is not only based in the heads of employees and text books, but also in models and databases. The use of this digital knowledge is strongly influenced by the way this knowledge base is built up, distributed and equipped with tools for interactive exchange of this knowledge. It is the strategy an...

Some pretreatments that swell and/or open the structure of wood fibers could increase the effectiveness of a biobleaching process, allowing for an industrial application. To this end, a chemical pretreatment (urea, U), a physical pretreatment (refining, R), and their combinations (RU and UR) were optimized to evaluate and compare their enhancement of the LE biobleaching sequence (laccase-mediat...

It is well known that the category of super Lie groups (SLG) is equivalent to the category of super Harish-Chandra pairs (SHCP). Using this equivalence, we define the category of unitary representations (UR's) of a super Lie group. We give an extension of the classical inducing construction and Mackey imprimitivity theorem to this setting. We use our results to classify the irreducible unitary ...

Safeguarding biodiversity has been one of the most important issues on the environmental and forest policies agenda since the 1990's. The problem remains in terms of decisions and knowledge on where to set appropriate conservation targets. Hence, we need detailed and reliable information about habitat structure and composition and methods for estimating this information over the whole spatial d...

Frank Place1, Oluyede C. Ajayi1, Emmanuel Torquebiau2,3, Guillermo Detlefsen4, Michelle Gauthier5 and Gérard Buttoud6 1World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi 2Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UR 105, Montpellier 3Centre for Environmental Studies (CFES), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 4Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseña...

Darwin-Foldy nuclear-size corrections in electronic atoms and nuclear radii are discussed from the nuclear-physics perspective. Interpretation of precise isotope-shift measurements is formalism dependent, and care must be exercised in interpreting these results and those obtained from relativistic electron scattering from nuclei. We strongly advocate that the entire nuclear-charge operator be u...

Jérémie D. Lebrun, Marine Dufour, Emmanuelle Uher, Juliette Faburé, Raphaël Mons, Rayna Charlatchka, Catherine Gourlay-Francé, Lise C. Fechner and Benoît J.D. Ferrari 1 Irstea, UR HBAN–ARTEMHYS, CS 10030, 92761 Antony Cedex, France 2 Federation of Research FIRE, FR-3020, 75005 Paris, France 3 UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France 4 Ifremer, 92138 Iss...

Dr. Hans Mol is senior scientist at RIKILTWageningen UR Introduction Regulatory authorities throughout the world set and enforce strict limits on the maximum residue levels (MRLs or tolerances) of pesticides permitted on food and feeds. It falls to analytical laboratories to test these products and ensure they meet the relevant standards. The analytical challenge is to look for over 1,500 poten...

Traditional phonology presupposes abstract underlying representations (UR) and a set of rules to explain the phonological phenomena. There are, however, a number of questions that have been raised regarding this approach : Where do URs come from? How are rules found and related to each other? In the current study, a connectionist network was trained without the benefit of any UR and explicit ru...

I. The nature of parsing When one considers the phonology of a language as a formal computational device in isolation from the rest of the grammar, there is an obvious difference between the generative processes of producing surface forms from underlying representations and that of parsing surface forms to converge on a given underlying representation. This difference is that the former procedu...