This paper discusses the use of Universal Dependency for annotations of a Native North American language Arapaho (Algonquian). While some relations of the universal dependency perfectly correspond with those in Arapaho, language specific annotations of verbal arguments elucidate problems of assuming certain syntactic categories across languages. By critiquing the influence of grammatical struct...

This article describes the relationship between Urban Civil Engineering and other domains, specifically the hydrographic domain. The process of building HydrOntology and the portion of the model relating to urban features are described. This ontology emerges with the intent of settling as a framework in the GI domain, very closely interrelating to Towntology.

The strategies to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energies in buildings are becoming increasingly important. In the meantime, nature-inspired approaches have emerged as a new strategy to achieve thermal comfort in the interiors. However, the use of these approaches in architecture and buildings requires a proper understanding regarding the features of ecosystems. Although acquiring this...

This paper focuses on internal quality measures for automatic road extraction from aerial images taken over urban areas. The motivation of this work is twofold: Firstly, any automatic system should provide the user with a small number of values indicating the reliability of the obtained results. This is often referred to as ”self-diagnosis” and is in particular a crucial part of automatic image...

Global cities, the command and control centres of the integrated world economy, are facing a sustainability paradox of greater global competition and greater environmental pressure. This study explores the policy approaches to the sustainability paradox by integrating environmental sustainability and economic competitiveness into the development strategy for “the global city”, based on a case s...

The Universal Dependencies (UD) Project seeks to build a cross-lingual studies of treebanks, linguistic structures and parsing. Its goal is to create a set of multilingual harmonized treebanks that are designed according to a universal annotation scheme. In this paper, we report on the conversion of the Uyghur dependency treebank to a UD version of the treebank which we term the Uyghur Universa...

I n the cities of the developing world, the urban poor often inhabit marginal land that has less commercial value but is the only available land where they can afford to live. This includes land that is poorly drained and floods frequently, or on steep hillsides that are prone to landslides. The benefits of living nearer sources of employment and urban services usually outweigh the disadvantage...