This paper attempts to give the solution for the urban scenario using DV cast protocol. Normally DV cast protocol is the best solution for highway traffic. But this paper proposed urban dv cast (UDV) protocol to deal with the urban traffic. This UDV protocol is extension of DV cast protocol. Our aim is to address the urban scenario where vehicles are equipped with sensors or wireless devices to...

Nepal’s political institutions and administrative units were thoroughly restructured in 2015 with the promulgation of new Constitution. Several rural areas combined to meet definition urban threshold criteria classify into categories. Accordingly, over 3,900 local amalgamated 753 units, which, 293 are classified as urban. Within these newly defined areas, many natural environments have been con...

â  natural disasters are known as one the most important factors in demolition human settlement. so study of impacts of natural disasters one human settlements specially cities are an important for urban planners iran had been faced with natural disasters specific earth quake because of its geographical position (its located on world earth quake belt). some earth quakes cause many human, financ...

background: baits have become popular and effective formulations against urban insect pests. compared with re­sidual sprays toxic gel baits are used more and more frequently to control urban cockroach populations. the aim of this study was to investigate the usage of two commercially available fipronil and imidacloprid gel bait formulations against blattella germanica field infested in iran. me...

We study the problem of monitoring goals, team structure and state of agents, in dynamic systems where teams and goals change over time. The setting for our study is an asymmetric urban warfare environment in which uncoordinated or loosely coordinated units may attempt to attack an important target. The task is to detect a threat such as an ambush, as early as possible. We attempt to provide de...

OBJECTIVE Adolescents need sexual and reproductive health services but little is known about quality-of-care in lower- and middle-income countries where most of the world's adolescents reside. Quality-of-care has important implications as lower quality may be linked to higher unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection rates. This study sought to generate evidence about quality-of-ca...

Trace organic compounds associated with human activity are now ubiquitous in the environment. As the population becomes more urbanized and the use of pesticides and person care products continues to increase, urban waterways are likely to receive higher loads of trace organic contaminants with unknown ecological consequences. To establish the extent of trace organic contamination in urban runof...

The formulation of feasible and pragmatic policies that mitigate climate change would require a thorough understanding of the interconnectivity that exists between environment, energy, and the composition of our settlements both urban and rural. This study explores the patterns of energy consumption in England and Wales by investigating consumption behavior within domestic and transport sectors...

The aim of this study was to quantify the error associated with different accessibility methods commonly used by public health researchers. Network distances were calculated from each household to the nearest GP our study area in the UK. Household level network distances were assigned as the gold standard and compared to alternate widely used accessibility methods. Four spatial aggregation unit...