Background: Diabetic nephropathy is referred to as the kidney damage that occurs in people with diabetes developing it over many years characterized by gradually increasing urinary albumin excretion (>300µg/ mg) from microalbuminuria proteinuria, blood pressure, and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (thickening glomerulus) which represents late event. Aim: Study relationship between...

Kidney diseases involving urinary loss of large essential macromolecules, such as serum albumin, have long been thought to be caused by alterations in the permeability barrier comprised of podocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and a basement membrane working in unison. Data from our laboratory using intravital 2-photon microscopy revealed a more permeable glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) th...

nephrotic syndrome is the commonest glomerular disease. typical symptoms could be proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema. the mechanism of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome is a defective glomerular filtration barrier. renal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome currently which is invasive and based on histopathological features, therefore it seems to be necessary to...

References 1. Parving HH, Oxenboll B, Svendsen PA, Christiansen JS, Andersen AR. Early detection of patients at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy: a longitudinal study of urinary albumin excretion. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1982; 100:550–5. 2. Viberti GC, Hill RD, Jarrett RJ, Argyropoulos A, Mahmud U, Keen H. Microalbuminuria as a predictor of clinical nephropathy in insulin-dependent diab...