The invention of vaccine has significantly reduced the levels of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. However, the success of vaccines is often impaired by the free-rider problem: while vaccinated individuals incur the cost of vaccination, unvaccinated individuals are protected from the disease given that population immunity is in effect. This provides self-interested individuals a...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the costs and benefits of influenza vaccination of healthy school-aged children. DESIGN The analysis was based on data from the literature. Total costs included direct medical costs for vaccination, physician visits, and treatment as well as indirect costs. Indirect costs were in the form of lost productivity when working parents stayed home to care for ill children or to...

3. In the USA in 1976, following receipt of the A/New Jersey/76 influenza vaccine, a statistical association suggested the excess risk of GBS due to the vaccination was about 9 in every million vaccinees in the 6 weeks after vaccination. However, studies conducted since 1976 have not found an excess risk of GBS associated with influenza vaccines. Indeed some studies have suggested a possible pr...

BACKGROUND Retail clinics are a promising venue in which to promote and administer vaccinations; however, little is known about who receives vaccinations at a retail clinic. PURPOSE The aim of this paper was to describe the use of retail clinics in the delivery of recommended vaccinations. METHODS The three largest retail clinic operators in the U.S.--MinuteClinic, TakeCare, and LittleClini...

BACKGROUND Since 1998, annual publicly funded campaigns for mass vaccination against influenza of the population aged 65 years or older have been performed in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The effectiveness of the intervention was not assessed for its contribution to the reduction of influenza-attributable mortality. This study sought to compare the age-specific mortality (65 years or older) b...

To evaluate the impact of mass vaccination with adjuvanted vaccines (eventually 40% population coverage) and antivirals during the 2009 influenza pandemic in Norway, we fitted an age-structured SEIR model using data on vaccinations and sales of antivirals in 2009/10 in Norway to Norwegian ILI surveillance data from 5 October 2009 to 4 January 2010. We estimate a clinical attack rate of approxim...

OBJECTIVE To assess pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza vaccination coverage in Western Australians, up to 31 January 2010. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Vaccination data for Western Australians aged 10 years and older were obtained from two sources: the WA Pandemic Influenza Vaccination Database (PIVD; which collected reports of pandemic influenza vaccinations from vaccination providers statew...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the vaccination rate of influenza in diabetic children and the effect of recommendation and other factors on vaccination rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS On July 2011, 144 diabetic children and their families were informed about and were recommended to receive the influenza vaccine every year, in September. On December 2011, parents were questioned about the vaccination. ...

Emergency vaccinations and culling failed to contain an outbreak of rabies in Bali, Indonesia, during 2008-2009. Subsequent island-wide mass vaccination (reaching 70% coverage, >200,000 dogs) led to substantial declines in rabies incidence and spread. However, the incidence of dog bites remains high, and repeat campaigns are necessary to eliminate rabies in Bali.

Influenza vaccine is essential to preventing influenza among health care workers and their patients. Therefore, the staff of the employee health clinic worked diligently to provide an opportunity for all employees to receive influenza vaccinations. Despite these efforts, a significant percentage of employees declined the vaccine. During the 2007-2008 influenza season, employees were instructed ...