OBJECTIVE(S) To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the Micralax applicator and of methyl cellulose placebo gel for use in vaginal microbicide clinical trials. DESIGN A two-centre prospective study following women for 2 months. SETTING Two primary health care clinics in South Africa. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS Female volunteers (n = 28) 18 years or older who were HIV negative and ha...

Mucosal epithelia of the human lower reproductive tract (vagina, cervix, and penile urethra) are exposed to sexually transmitted microbes, including Chlamydia trachomatis. The in vivo susceptibility of each tissue type to infection with C. trachomatis is quite distinct. CD1d is expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, including mucosal epithelial cells, and interacts specifically w...

BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is common and has been associated with increased HIV-1 susceptibility. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for BV in African women at high risk for acquiring HIV-1. METHODS We conducted a prospective study among 151 HIV-1-seronegative Kenyan female sex workers. Nonpregnant women were eligible if they did not have symptoms of abnormal va...

The result of transvaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation technique, as part of the vaginal repair procedure for massive uterovaginal (Pelvic Organ Prolapse stage III and stage IV and vault prolapse) is evaluated. A total of 32 women were included in the present case series. Marked uterovaginal prolapse was present in 28 women and four had vault prolapse following hysterectomy. Patients with va...

We present an overview of the current literature and management techniques for vaginal extrusion or urinary tract erosion of graft materials used in pelvic floor reconstruction. A MEDLINE search was performed to identify literature pertaining to the incidence and management of vaginal or urinary tract exposure of graft materials commonly used in anti-incontinence and pelvic floor reconstructive...

Purpose: A nanoemulsion based gel containing Polyphenon 60 (P60) and cranberry (CRB) has been developed to deliver via intravaginal route for the treatment of urinary tract infection. Methods: Polyphenon 60 and cranberry were loaded in a single nanoemulsion gel (NBG) by ultra-sonication method and characterized for particle size, rheological properties, in vitro release and growth curve analysi...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence, possible risk factors, preoperative morbidity and outcome results in tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) cases complicated by lower urinary tract injury in a large, heterogeneous, consecutive group of women. STUDY DESIGN Four hundred sixty consecutive women who underwent TVT surgery for correction of urodynamically proven stress urinary incontinence were enroll...

Women are the main population responsible for new HIV infections and persistence of pandemic. The article provides a review current literature on factors mechanisms by which vaginal microbiome can contribute to infection. A key determinant susceptibility infection is composition microbiome, influence local immune cell inflammation status. low diversity microbial dominated Lactobacillus crispatu...

Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA Syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly of the female genital tract. Uterus didelphys occurs when the midline fusion of the mullerian ducts is arrested, either completely or incompletely. Women with didelphic uterus may be asymptomatic and unaware of having a double uterus. They may present with complaints of dysm...

Caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) is responsible for vaginal and respiratory disease in goats. Infection by vaginal route is usually restricted to the genital tract whereas by nasal route the virus can spread throughout the body. In order to evaluate genomic diversity, nucleotide sequences of glycoprotein C (gC) of 13 (n.8 vaginal, n.5 nasal) CpHV-1 strains were analyzed. Amino acid (aa) sequences...