Renin is regulated by angiotensin subtype 1 (AT1) receptor, but it is unknown whether angiotensin subtype 2 (AT2) receptor contributes to this regulation. We hypothesized that AT2 receptors inhibit angiotensin II (Ang II) through inhibition of renin biosynthesis. We monitored changes in renal Ang II, renin mRNA and protein expression, and plasma renin concentration (PRC) in response to renal co...

564 References 1 Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, et al; for the ONTARGET investigators: Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1547–1559. 2 Graves SW, Moore TJ, Seely EW: Increased platelet angiotensin II receptor number in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Hypertension 1992; 20: 627–632. 3 Serebruany VL, Malinin AI, Lowry DR, Sane DC, Webb ...

BACKGROUND Angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT 1 R) antagonists are extensively used for blood pressure control in elderly patients with hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of AT 1 R antagonist valsartan on platelet aggregation and the occurrence of cardio-cerebral thrombotic events in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS Two-hundred and ten patients with h...

To evaluate the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-mediated oxidative stress in insulin resistance (IR), we compared the effects of the angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor blocker (ARB) valsartan and a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, tempol, on whole body glucose tolerance and soleus muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in transgenic hypertensive TG(mREN-2)27 (Ren-2) rats. Ren-2 rats a...

Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) is the first angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor approved to reduce cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. As neprilysin (NEP) is one of several enzymes known to degrade amyloid-β (Aβ), there is a theoretical risk of Aβ accumulation following long-term NEP inhibition. The primary objective o...

We investigated the ability of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist activity (telmisartan and irbesartan) and AT1 receptor blockers devoid of PPARgamma agonist activity (eprosartan and valsartan) to inhibit vascular cell proliferation studied in the absence of angiotensin II stimulation. Telmisartan and, to a lesser e...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Fimasartan is an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) which has comparable efficacy and tolerability with other ARBs. The aim of this study was to evaluate 24-hour blood pressure (BP) lowering efficacy and the tolerability of the low dose fimasartan compared with valsartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. METHODS This study was a phase II, prospective, mult...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of valsartan on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity, plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration, cardiac function, and symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) by comparison with those of enalapril. METHODS 50 patients with CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%) were randomly assigned to valsartan (80 mg/day; n = 25) or...

Background. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk of progression to end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular disease. Data from other populations and animal experiments suggest that neprilysin inhibition (which augments the natriuretic peptide system) may reduce these risks, but clinical trials among patients with CKD are required to test this hypothesis. Methods. UK Heart an...

AIMS Inhibition of neprilysin, an enzyme degrading natriuretic and other vasoactive peptides, is beneficial in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), as shown in PARADIGM-HF which compared the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan with enalapril. As neprilysin is also one of many enzymes clearing amyloid-β peptides from the brain, there is a theore...