This memo describes an extension to the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP). Specifically, it extends the TWAMP-Test protocol, which identifies and manages packet trains, in order to measure capacity metrics like the available path capacity, tight section capacity, and UDP delivery rate in the forward and reverse path directions.

Recent years have witnessed a large increase in the amount of information available from the Web and many other sources. Such an information deluge presents a challenge for individuals who have to identify useful information items to complete particular tasks in hand. Information value theory (IVT) from economics and artificial intelligence has provided some guidance on this issue. However, exi...

INTRODUCTION Delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) has been demonstrated as a technique for molecular imaging of proteoglycan in cartilage, in which Gd(DTPA) distributes in cartilage in relation to the concentration of the charged gylcosoaminoglycan (GAG) molecules. Currently post-contrast (Gd-DTPA) spin-lattice relaxation time (T1Gd) is used as dGEMRIC index to determine relat...

In safety analysis as in engineering, the development of a satisfactory mathematical model is required to identify the parameters that need to be measured and calculated. The establishment of a proper calculus of safety begins with the recognition that the fundamental concept is life expectancy, and then, by extension, the increase in life expectancy that a safety measure brings about. J-value ...

With the measurement of net primary productivity and vegetation coverage fraction based on remote sensing data,the terrestrial ecosystem service value of China in 2000 was quantitatively estimated as 9.17 x 10(12) yuan (RMB). The spatial distribution of the ecological service value showed a decreasing trend from southeast China to northwest China, which was consistent with the regional distribu...

The diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enzyme activities in neurological disorders has been evaluated most extensively with the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and lysozyme. Methods use for performing the assays have been similar to those employed for serum analysis. Reference intervals for these enzymes in the CSF are give...

Busch et al. (1991) report Lhal the Chief Executive Officer's (CEO) perception of Information Technology (IT) importance had the strongest effect on the progressive use of IT in the firm. They advocate additional research on the perceptions of the CEO and other top management of the value of IT. The perceptions of top management on the strategic value of infonnation systems (PSVIS) are classifi...

introduction:the assessment of intravascular volume in severely traumatized patients or patients admitted in icu is very essential. at present the accurate method for estimating the intravascular volume requirement is by measuring the cvp which is an invasive method. the measurement of ivc diameter by ultrasound has been suggested as an easily available and simple method for measuring the intra...

this study aimed to evaluate the reliability factors, and identify causes of error in direct anthropometry method. after training three beginner anthropometrists and following the instructions of anthropometric standards, 48 body dimensions of 42 male students were measured three times. in other words, the physical dimensions of each subject were measured for 9 times. all participants were wear...

We have found that the usual measuring procedure for preselected and postselected ensembles of quantum systems gives unusual results. Under some natural conditions of weakness of the measurement, its result consistently defines a new kind of value for a quantum variable, which we call the weak value. A description of the measurement of the weak value of a component of a spin for an ensemble of ...