Regulators in international trade are facing a difficult challenge of increasing control and security while lowering the administrative burden for traders. The European Commission has introduced the concept of “trusted traders”: certified traders that are in control of their business. Trusted traders are entitled to trade facilitations, faster border crossing, and fewer physical inspections. To...

In this paper, a linguistic truth-value lattice proposition logic system LTV LP (X) is presented firstly. It is an useful and reasonable tool to deal with the linguistic term set including linear ordered set and non-linear ordered set. Then an operator linguistic truth-value lattice-valued proposition logic OLTV LP (X) is given. The OLTV LP (X) can provide a theoretical model for multi-evaluato...

this paper addresses the differences between the two terms, “existence” and “existent”, in the framework of “indirect reference theory” and tries to answer whether or not the proposition “existence is existent” is an analytical one. the research shows that on the vocabulary level, none of the two has any additional presentation to the other. also, when by “existence” we mean “nominal existence”...

Purpose While service-dominant logic proposes that all “Goods are a distribution mechanism for service provision” (FP3), there is a need to understand when and why a firm would utilise direct or indirect (goods) service provision, and the interactions between them, to co-create value with the customer. Methodology/ Approach Three longitudinal case studies in B2B equipment-based ‘complex service...

In order to help service designers build high-quality service models quickly and accurately, this paper presents a value-oriented iterative service modeling process. This modeling process combines service business perspective and service value perspective together, and it is executed interactively between service model space and service value space, simultaneously, some value-awareness activiti...

Probabilistic logic and credibilistic logic are two branches of multi-valued logic for dealing with random knowledge and fuzzy knowledge, respectively. In this paper, a hybrid logic is introduced for dealing with random knowledge and fuzzy knowledge simultaneously. First, a hybrid formula is introduced on the basis of random proposition and fuzzy proposition. Furthermore, a hybrid truth value i...

Direct primary care (DPC), a reformulation of concierge medicine, has intrinsic appeal to overburdened physicians. Its advocates promise a competitive income at a fraction of the volume of patient responsibilities, and they claim it as a patient-friendly, consumer-driven strategy that can meet the needs of patients across the economic spectrum. In my observation, DPC membership fees are typical...