In this paper, we analyze the effects of delay jitter on receiver buffer requirements in distributed Videoon-Demand systems. We use a general purpose realtime producer-consumer model to describe the distributed architecture of a Video-on-Demand system. We prove a Theorem that states that the amount of data in the receiver buffer is linear in network delay jitter. We present necessary conditions...

one of the difficulties of data envelopment analysis(dea) is the problem of deciency discriminationamong efficient decision making units(dmus) and hence, yielding large number of dmus as efficientones. the main purpose of this paper is to overcome this inability. one of the methods for rankingefficient dmus is minimizing the coefficient of variation (cv) for inputs-outputs weights. in this pap...

this paper presents the jeffery hamel flow of a non-newtonian fluid namely casson fluid. suitable similarity transform is applied to reduce governing nonlinear partial differential equations to a much simpler ordinary differential equation. variation of parameters method (vpm) is then employed to solve resulting equation. same problem is solved numerical by using runge-kutta order 4 method. a c...

Neutral models, in which genetic change arises through random variation without fitness differences, have proven remarkably successful in describing observed patterns of biodiversity, despite the manifest role of selection in evolution. Here we investigate the effect of barriers on biodiversity by simulating the expansion of a population around a barrier to form a ring species, in which the two...

Extrapair paternity has been observed in many formally monogamous species. Male pursuit of extrapair fertilizations is explained by the advantages of having offspring that receive essential paternal care from other males. Since females are capable of exercising a degree of control over the post-copulatory sperm competition, extrapair paternity cannot persist unless it confers fitness benefits o...

Indigenous populations of the Tibetan plateau have attracted much attention for their good performance at extreme high altitude. Most genetic studies of Tibetan adaptations have used genetic variation data at the genome scale, while genetic inferences about their demography and population structure are largely based on uniparental markers. To provide genome-wide information on population struct...

The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) was widespread in Australia during the Late Pleistocene but is now endemic to the island of Tasmania. Low genetic diversity combined with the spread of devil facial tumour disease have raised concerns for the species' long-term survival. Here, we investigate the origin of low genetic diversity by inferring the species' demographic history using tempora...

Extravagant ornaments evolved to advertise their bearers' quality, the honesty of the signal being ensured by the cost paid to produce or maintain it. The oxidation handicap hypothesis (OHH) proposes that a main cost of testosterone-dependent ornamentation is oxidative stress, a condition whereby the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) overwhelms the capacity of antioxi...

In this paper, using the vanishing viscosity method, a solution of the Riemann problem for the system of conservation laws ut + ( u ) x = 0, vt + 2 ( uv ) x = 0, wt + 2 ( v + uw ) x = 0 with the initial data (u(x, 0), v(x, 0), w(x, 0)) = { (u−, v−, w−), x < 0, (u+, v+, w+), x > 0, is constructed. This problem admits a δ′-shock wave type solution, which is a new type of singular solutions to sys...

3-D rotational coronary angiography plays an important role in the field of diagnosis and treatment planning of coronary artery disease. Due to the cardiac motion, only limited number of projections can be used to reconstruct coronary arteries for each heart phase, which makes the reconstruction problem ill-posed. To reduce the undersampling artifacts, we apply an iterative method that makes us...