Pregnancy as a natural event leads to changes in various aspects of physiology, psychology, and social life. The adoption of a health promoting lifestyle is an important strategy for achieving the desired outcomes of pregnancy and is important on the future health of mother and child. The aim of this study was to assess the various aspects of health promotion behaviors during pregnancy. The dat...

Academics and other researchers regularly engage in strategic interactions— bargaining, cooperation, collaboration, etc. Given this strategic setting, we ask: how do the dynamics of social learning in epistemic communities influence outcomes of various actors? We focus, in particular, on minority groups in academia. As we show, evolutionary game theoretic models indicate that such actors may be...

We introduce a uniform non-monotonic framework for knowledge representation based on epistemic logic which is su ciently general to encompass several non-monotonic formalisms, including circumscription, autoepistemic logic, various semantics proposed for logic programs and deductive databases (stable semantics, well-founded semantics and stationary semantics) as well as Gelfond's epistemic spec...

In “Epistemic Relativism,” Mark Kalderon defends a view that has become increasingly popular across various academic disciplines. He wrote his article in response to Paul Boghossian’s book Fear of Knowledge, in which epistemic relativism is criticized and dismissed as incoherent. Kalderon argues that Boghossian does not accurately characterize epistemic relativism resulting in a hasty dismissal...

We briefly give an overview of Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL), mainly in semantic terms. We focus on the simplest of epistemic actions in DEL, called public announcements. We also sketch the effect of more complex epistemic actions, and briefly show how als factual change can be modelled in the same framework. We then apply the logic of public announcements in DEL to the analysis of a knowledge ...

the important issue of epistemic impacts of sin addressed in thecontemporary epistemology may be studied from different aspects.one is related to the actual impacts which sin has on the securer ofknowledge and the other on the relation of human being and god asthe emanator of knowledge. in this article we address the first aspectin an analytic method from al-ghazali’s viewpoint. this impact is ...