Vascular calcification contributes to the high risk of cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Dysregulation of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) metabolism is common in CKD patients and drives vascular calcification. In this article, we review the physiological regulatory mechanisms for Ca and P homeostasis and the basis for their dysregulation in CKD. In addition, we h...

BACKGROUND There have been isolated case reports of arterial and skin calcification in mammograms of patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), and unpublished anecdotes of many women with PXE undergoing breast biopsy for evaluation of microcalcifications. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to systematically evaluate mammography and breast pathology in PXE. METHODS The mammograms of 51 women with con...

Vascular calcification is believed to have a crucial role in the excess cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Recent evidence suggests that uraemic vascular calcification is an active cellmediated process [1]. An epidemiological study observed an association between lipid-lowering therapy and vascular calcification [2]. However, no prospective i...

OBJECTIVE Vascular and valvular calcifications are pathological processes regulated by resident cells, and depending on a complex interplay between calcification promoters and inhibitors, resembling skeletal metabolism. Here, we study the role of the vitamin K-dependent Gla-rich protein (GRP) in vascular and valvular calcification processes. APPROACH AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and quant...

Abstract. The generalization of experimental and clinical data currently allows us to confirm the important pathogenetic role vitamin K deficiency in cardiovascular calcification atherosclerotic damage chronic kidney disease (CKD). It was highlighted that, apart from K, activity expression matrix Gla protein, which strongly inhibits vascular calcification, depended a considerable extent on D. e...

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is in part due to the development of vascular calcification. Vascular calcification is an active, highly regulated process that shares many similarities with normal bone formation. New discoveries related to extracellular vesicles, microRNAs, and calciprotei...