Monitoring of hemodynamic and mechanical parameters of the heart are reviewed. Clinical methodologies are discussed along with tools used in a research setting. Specifically, these include: arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, mixed venous oxygen saturation, cardiac output, pressure–volume loops, flow monitoring, and Frank–Starling curves. These parameter...

Introduction Central venous pressure (CVP) is frequently used to guide fluid therapy, although there are confounders of CVP like intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and mechanical ventilation. Despite a large number of studies on the interactions of intra-abdominal pressure, mechanical ventilation and CVP there are few studies investigating the impact of both major confounders of CVP in the same set...

Changes in central venous pressure were recorded continuously before, during and for 40 to 50 minutes after hemorrhage and transfusion in the amounts of 6.5 cc. per Kg. and 8.1 cc. per Kg. The pressures obtained 15 to 20 minutes after onset of blood volume changes were independent of the rate of hemorrhage or transfusion. In the average subject of 70 Kg., AP/AV for zero time was 0.7 cm. of wate...

Hemodynamic monitoring and optimization improve postoperative outcome during high-risk surgery. However, hemodynamic management practices among Chinese anesthesiologists are largely unknown. This study sought to evaluate the current intraoperative hemodynamic management practices for high-risk surgery patients in China. From September 2010 to November 2011, we surveyed anesthesiologists working...

BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that a common oscillatory pattern might characterize the rhythmic discharge of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and the spontaneous variability of heart rate and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) during a physiological increase of sympathetic activity induced by the head-up tilt maneuver. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy subjects underwent continuous ...

Octreotide has been proposed for the treatment of variceal bleeding. The effects on portal pressure, however, have been variable in published studies. As bleeding is more directly related to pressure in the varices, this study investigated the effect on variceal pressure of octreotide and terlipressin, a vasoactive drug with a well established effect. Variceal pressure was measured during four ...

1. Practice advisory for perioperative visual loss associated with spine surgery: An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Visual Loss. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2012; 116:274 – 85 2. Marik PE, Baram M, Vahid B: Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? A systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares. Chest 2008; 134:172–...

We tested the hypothesis that markers of coagulation activation are greater during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) than those obtained during blood loss (BL). We assessed coagulation using both standard clinical tests and thrombelastography (TEG) in 12 men who performed a LBNP and BL protocol in a randomized order. LBNP consisted of 5-min stages at 0, -15, -30, and -45 mmHg of suction. BL i...