The accuracy and the reliability of extracranial vertebral Doppler flow (continuous wave Doppler sonography) for the detection of intracranial vertebrobasilar lesions was studied prospectively in twenty-one patients with brainstem disturbances and/or coma. The Doppler findings were compared with cerebral angiography. Doppler sonography was highly reliable for both detection and exclusion of hig...

Bow hunter’s syndrome (BHS) is a rare symptomatic vertebrobasilar insufficiency in which vertebral artery (VA) is mechanically occluded during head rotation. Various pathologic conditions have been reported as causes of bow hunter’s stroke. To our knowledge, however, just two cases associated with complex cranio-cervical junction (CCJ) malformation with atlantooccipital assimilation were report...

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo (SSNHLV) has multifactorial causes, of which viral, autoimmune and vascular insufficiency are the most common. The therapeutic management for SSNHLV includes antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, vasodilators, normovolemic hemodilution therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Vertebrobasilar occlusive disease and carotid occlusive disease are seldom relat...

Vertebral artery loop formation is a rare anatomical variant capable of causing bony erosion, encroachment on cervical neural foramen, neurovascular compression, or vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Health professionals should keep the diagnosis of vertebral artery loop formation in mind, especially when the plain radiograph of the cervical spine shows enlargement of the intervertebral foramen. If...

Characterized by the coexistence of trigeminal neuralgia and ipsilateral hemifacial spasm (HFS), painful tic convulsif (PTC) is a rare entity that has not yet been systematically studied. To explore epidemiology, cause, prognosis, prognosis predictors PTC. We searched PubMed, Web Science, Cochrane Library for relevant studies published between establishment library July 1, 2020. Information on ...

PURPOSE To compare base-in prism reading glasses with placebo reading glasses for the treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI) in children aged 9 to <18 years. METHODS In a randomised clinical trial, 72 children aged 9 to <18 years with symptomatic CI were assigned to either base-in prism glasses or placebo reading glasses. Symptom level, measured with a quantitative symptom qu...

Dysfunction of the vestibular portion of the eighth nerve and the vestibular nuclei within the brainstem and their central connections is a central cause of dizziness and vertigo. Neural connections with the central vestibular nuclei include interaction with the vestibular portions of the cerebellum (primarily cerebellar flocculus), the visual sensory system, and afferent connections from muscl...