Several methods have been proposed to train microwave radiometers to retrieve precipitation rates estimated by a radar which observed the same location at the same time. These radar-trained passive-microwave algorithms differ in the quantities that are estimated: some estimate the vertically-integrated liquid water, while others estimate the near-surface precipitation. Since it is no more or le...

Mamassian and de Montalembert (2010) have proposed a simple model of the vertical-horizontal illusion. This model identified two components, an anisotropy which results in horizontal lines being perceived approximately 6% shorter than verticals and a bisection component which results in a bisected line being perceived approximately 16% shorter. We have shown that this bisection component confou...

We report our studies on root gravitropism indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may function as a downstream component in auxin-mediated signal transduction. A transient increase in the intracellular concentration of ROS in the convex endodermis resulted from either gravistimulation or unilateral application of auxin to vertical roots. Root bending was also brought about by unilateral ...

We have previously reported a standardized stepwise transesophageal echocardiography transverse plane (monoplane) patient examination sequence suitable for intraoperative use. Biplane transesophageal echocardiography furnishes images of the heart and great vessels in both transverse and vertical planes. This report describes a seven-step vertical plane examination, the completion component of a...

A new photoalignment method of controlling the pretilt angle of liquid crystals (LCs) by using organic/inorganic hybrid interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) is proposed and demonstrated. In the hybrid IPN alignment layer system, the competition between poly(vinyl cinnamate) (PVCi) favoring planar alignment and poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) favoring vertical alignment made it possible to ac...

0019-1035/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.025 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (B The ejecta dynamics during main-stage excavation flow in a cratering event have previously been well characterized, particularly for vertical impacts. In this experimental study, we present new results addressing the early-time, lowangle, high-...

The vertical industry software market (for hotels, hospitals, convenience store chains, ...) is highly competitive. To better compete in this environment, Tecnoloǵıa Computacional Aplicada (TCA)—a mid size vertical market IS development company— decided four years ago to explore agent technologies as a key component for a new business strategy. As a result of this exercise TCA converted its leg...

The problem of the motion, of a rigid body around a fixed point, in the field of constant gravity, is one of the oldest in mechanics [1,2,3]. The problem can be formulated in terms of a timeindependent Hamiltonian with three degrees of freedom (the Euler angles. In addition to the energy constant, there is present another constant of motion: the angular momentum component along the vertical. Ro...

Small-scale fluctuations of magnetic field and velocity may be responsible for the Stokes asymmetries observed in all photospheric magnetic structures (the MISMA hypothesis). We support the hypothesis showing that atmospheres with optically-thin micro-structure reproduce the polarization of Fe I λ6301.5 Å and Fe I λ6302.5 Å observed in a sunspot. Ten thousand spectra were fitted by model MISMAs...

We present the first direct measurement of the gravity-field curvature based on three conjugated atom interferometers. Three atomic clouds launched in the vertical direction are simultaneously interrogated by the same atom interferometry sequence and used to probe the gravity field at three equally spaced positions. The vertical component of the gravity-field curvature generated by nearby sourc...