Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a significant risk factor for pyelonephritis and renal scarring. VUR can occur through a defective ureterovesical junction (UVJ) or an overwhelmed normal UVJ mechanism such as in bladder dysfunction of congenital, acquired, or behavioral etiology. There are numerous causes for the development of a neurogenic bladder from spinal dysraphisms to spinal cord trauma an...

When compared with maintenance dialysis, renal transplantation affords patients with end-stage renal disease better long-term survival and a better quality of life. Approximately 9% of patients will develop a major urologic complication following kidney transplantation. Ureteral complications are most common and include obstruction (intrinsic and extrinsic), urine leak and vesicoureteral reflux...

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter. A normally functioning ureteral vesical junction (UVJ) allows for the smooth expulsion of urine from the ureter into the bladder without regurgitation of urine back up the ureter, either during bladder filling or upon voiding, If this valvular mechanism fails, from whatever etiology, urine flowing back...

Introduction. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common symptom of various functional and morphological abnormalities. When appropriate conservative and endoscopic treatments are employed, surgical management is recommended in a progressively less frequent pattern. Failure of such treatment modalities may be an indication for surgical treatment. The methods that are used can be divided into those...

OBJECTIVE Intravesical instillation of gentamicin sulfate has been used empirically as prophylaxis and to treat bacilluria in spinal-cord-injured patients undergoing clean intermittent catheterization. To assess the risks of absorption and the effects of storage conditions on antimicrobial potency, a series of studies were conducted. METHODS Four studies were carried out: (1) An infected fulg...

Introduction. Complications following renal transplantation include ureteral obstruction, urinary leak and fistula, urinary retention, urolithiasis, and vesicoureteral reflux. These complications have traditionally been managed with open surgical correction, but minimally invasive techniques are being utilized frequently. Materials and Methods. A literature review was performed on the use of en...