Mycorrhizal status of the host plant is often ignored in studies on plant-herbivore interactions, but mycorrhizal colonization is known to induce many morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in host plants, which in turn may alter plant quality as a host for insect herbivores. Both positive and negative effects of mycorrhizal colonization of the host plant on performance and densi...

to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield components of a soybean cultivar (m9) under water stress condition, a study was carried out in a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications at research station of bu ali sina university in 2012. the main plots included three levels of irrigation after 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from a pan and subplots inclu...

Pollution of the soil environment with toxic materials from fossil burning, mining and smelting of metalliferous ores, disposal of sewage, fertilizers and pesticides, etc. has increased dramatically since the onset of industrial revolution. Application of plants with ability of absorbing heavy metals is a low-cost alternative for eliminating soils from heavy metals. Phytoremediation uses plants...

Abiotic stress is a limiting factor for plant growth and development. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce the negative effects abiotic stress. This study aimed to determine tolerance <em>Nauclea orientalis</em> inoculated with mycorrhizae drought waterlogging stresses. research was carried out at Indonesian Mycorrhizal Association’s greenhouse Forestry laboratory Univ...

Human activities have introduced large amounts of heavy metals into natural ecosystems in recent years. As a result, the accumulation and metalloids plants, animals, humans, which may caused some health problems. Chemical physical methods can remove metal contaminated soil, but both are very expensive ineffective. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) mutualistic symbionts most plant roots. Furthe...

The influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence and water status of maize (Zea mays L.) plants were studied in pot culture under well-watered and drought stress conditions. The maize plants were grown in a sand and black soil mixture for 4 weeks, and then exposed to drought stress for 4 weeks. Drought stress signi...