This paper addresses the problem of bandwidth allocation in ATM networks. Users are assumed to place a bene t on the bandwidth they are assigned by the network. The network constraints are used to derive prices for the bandwidths which induce users to share the limited network resources according to their bene t functions. This formulation leads to a distributed pricing algorithm, which is inte...

In this paper, we investigate the notions of belonging and community in 3D virtual worlds, and identify the ways in which “belonging” and “not belonging” are constructed and perceived, especially in relation to so-called employee avatars (i.e., avatars that are representative of those who appear in their capacity of corporate employees). We explore the dimension of stigma and discuss the utilit...

Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) systems model and simulate the activities of thousands of entities interacting in a virtual world over a wide area network. These systems are composed of many servers each of which is responsible to manage multiple clients who want to participate in the virtual world. Each server delivers the information updated from different clients to other client in vir...

In this paper, we consider the problem of partner selection in a virtual organisation (VO); specifically, we develop mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models to support the configuration of VOs in a virtual organisation breeding environment (VBE). Apart from the basic model which focuses on the minimisation of total fixed and variable costs we present extensions which capture transportati...

Cobots are capable of producing virtual surfaces of high quality, using mechanical transmission elements as their basic element in place of conventional motors. Most cobots built to date have used steerable wheels as their transmission elements. We describe how continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) can be used in this capacity for a cobot with revolute joints. The design of an “arm-like” c...

This document describes requirements for, and the use of, the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control plane in support of the Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) layer 1 inverse multiplexing data plane mechanism and its companion Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS). LCAS can be used for hitless dynamic resizing of the inverse multiplex group. These techniques apply to Optical Tra...

We propose a simple and robust automatic strategy for managing SDH/SONET and/or ATM virtual paths in real time to handle slow tra c variations. It consists of on-line measurements of o ered tra cs followed by the design and possible implementation of a new virtual path network in a repeated cycle. Methods and parameters for tra c measurements and network updating are studied and optimised to ac...

In ATM networks, Virtual Path Connections (VPCs) are not only a device for bundling Virtual Circuit Connections (VCCs), but they serve as an intermediate resource management layer wherein tradeoffs between cost, complexity, and efficiency are likely to be made on a slower time scale than connection holding times. In this paper we consider bundling multicast connections on VP trees. In particula...

using virtual social media and networks widely and relations based on electronic communication have transformed political and social activities in recent decades. the current essay aims to review the effects of virtual social media on the field of politics in iran. therefore, this essay propounds the questions: “how has the virtual social media caused transformation on the field of politics in ...