A novel type of surface vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy is presented that enables a highly specific measurement of the coupling of molecules on surfaces. With this doubly vibrationally resonant technique, two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy of molecules on surfaces becomes possible. The technique is demonstrated for the C-O stretch vibration of CO on a ruthenium (001) sur...

Visible-near infrared diffuse reflectance (vis-NIR) spectroscopy is a fast, nondestructive technique well suited for analyses of some of the essential constituents of the soil. These constituents, mainly clay minerals, organic matter and soil water strongly affect conditions for plant growth and influence plant nutrition. Here we describe the process by which vis-NIR spectroscopy can be used to...

The potential of tobacco waste as a viable source of medicinally important flavonoids like rutin has been investigated. Three flavonoids, apigenin, quercetin and rutin, have been isolated from waste tobacco leaves, and their identities have been confirmed by UV-visible, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. By using analytical HPLC, the amount of rutin present in the tobacco leaves, before and after...

Background : Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide, direct band gap II-VI oxide semiconductor. ZnO has large exciton binding energy at room temperature, and it is a good host material for obtaining visible and infrared emission of various rare-earth ions. Methods : Europium oxide (Eu2O3) doped ZnO films are prepared on quartz substrate using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering with doping concentrat...

The objective of good laboratory practice (GLP) is to obtain accurate and precise results, using a measurement system that is functioning properly and to the specifications required by global regulatory bodies such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and European Pharmacopoeia (EP). The Agilent Cary 8454 UV‐Visible spectroscopy system includes a UV‐Visible instrument based on leading LC pho...

To obtain accurate and consistent measurements from circular dichroism (CD) instruments over time and from different laboratories, it is important that they are properly calibrated. The characteristics of the available reference materials are not ideal to ensure proper calibration as they typically only give peaks in one or two spectral regions, and often have issues concerning purity and stabi...

BACKGROUND PURPOSE Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution is a potential way to solve many energy and environmental issues. Developing visible-light-active photocatalysts to efficiently utilize sunlight and finding proper ways to improve photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution have always been hot topics for research. This study attempts to expand the use of sunlight and to enha...

The widespread use of plasmonic nanorulers (PNRs) in sensing platforms has been plagued by technical challenges associated with the development of methods to fabricate precisely controlled nanostructures with high yield and characterize them with high throughput. We have previously shown that creating PNRs in a nanoparticle-film (NP-film) format enables the fabrication of an extremely large pop...

BiGdO₃ nanoparticles were prepared by a solid-state reaction method and applied in photocatalytic degradation of dyes in this study. BiGdO₃ was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that BiGdO₃ crystallized ...

We develop a clinical visible-light spectroscopy (VLS) tissue oximeter. Unlike currently approved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or pulse oximetry (SpO2%), VLS relies on locally absorbed, shallow-penetrating visible light (475 to 625 nm) for the monitoring of microvascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2%), allowing incorporation into therapeutic catheters and probes. A range of probes is...