In the thalamus, bursts and single spikes are elicited by distinct visual stimuli, suggesting distinct visual functions. In this issue of Neuron, Wang et al. make use of intracellular recordings of thalamic neurons in vivo to provide a clear, detailed explanation of how natural stimuli are converted into a neural code that uses both bursts and single spikes.

Large scale enterprise software systems are inherently complex and hard to maintain. To deal with this complexity, current mainstream software engineering practices aim at raising the level of abstraction to visual models described in OMG’s UML modeling language. Current UML tools, however, produce static design diagrams for documentation which quickly become out-ofsync with the software. To ad...

A multi-purpose image-based QR code is designed in this paper. There are four purposes for the generated code. In first purpose, basic with look of a host image an ingenious layout to be identified easier. second one, saliency region detection method adopted enhancing quality third embedded into further access image; Finally, visual cryptography-based watermarking applied case that specific use...

Introduction: Cancer is, in essence, a genetic disease and is the second leading cause of death globally. Fortunately, many common types of cancer are treatable if detected early and of course there are many medications and treatments available today. Among the new methods to treat cancer, radiotherapy seems to be hopeful in patients with malignancies. This work investigates th...

Abstract Despite its prominent use among bilinguals, psycholinguistic studies reported code-switch processing costs (e.g., Meuter & Allport, 1999). This paradox may partly be due to the focus on itself instead of potential subsequent benefits. Motivated by corpus CS patterns and sociopragmatic functions CS, we asked whether bilinguals code-switches as a cue lexical characteristics upcoming ...

Visual environments for the modelling and simulation of complex, software-intensive systems are increasingly popular. While visual languages have many advantages, they may not be appropriate to render all details of a Discrete EVent system Specification (DEVS) model. Textual may be more appropriate, both to completely describe all details of a DEVS model (i.e., the content of transition and out...

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI ’s) enable us to infer intentional control signals from brain activity. The Visual Speller is a BCI based on event related potentials (ERP ’s) in the electroencephalogram, such as the P300 (a positive deflection in the EEG about 300 ms after a rarely occuring stimulus). In the classical paradigm one trial (i.e. prediction of one symbol) consists of successive high...

Processing is a programming language and development environment created to teach programming in a visual context. In spite of its enormous success, Processing remains a niche language with limited applicability outside the visual realm. Moreover, architects that have learnt Processing are unable to use the language with traditional Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Building Information Modelling...