introduction wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by a disturbance in copper metabolism that leads to copper overload in different tissues of the body. because of various manifestations of wilson’s disease, physicians should have high index suspicion when patients manifest any type of liver disease, neurologic and psychiatric signs and symptoms. discussion wilson’s...

conclusions significant improvement was noted at womac scale (pain level; 5 points, stiffness level; 2 points, physical function loss; 15 points, and total womac 22 points). osteoarthritis level of the patient was improved to grade i at radiological evaluation after a year. our case is the report that presents radiological evidence in addition to clinical findings of improvement of osteoarthrit...

AIM Vitrectomies are performed either under general anesthesia (GA), local anesthesia (LA), or a combination of both. Postoperative pain is expected to be less in patients with LA because of prolonged action of the local anaesthetic. Pre-emptive analgesia is based on the idea that analgesia initiated before a nociceptive event will be more effective than analgesia commenced afterwards. The auth...

It still remains unclear to which extent the presence and the amount of retinal debris seen in internal limiting membrane (ILM) specimens harvested during macular surgery for macular holes or epiretinal membranes are related to the procedure of ILM peeling itself or to modifications of the surgical technique, such as application of vital dyes for visualization of the ILM, or to pathological con...

BACKGROUND/AIM Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and macular pucker (MP) vitreoretinal membranes are caused by abnormal cell migration. By their role in chemotactism, chemokine receptors represent good candidates to sustain this process. The authors thus investigated the expression of one of them, CXCR4, in these pathologies. METHODS Three PVR and four MP membranes were surgically removed...

Abstract : A new algorithm for noise filtering, based on non-linear processing of image in blocks, using singular value decomposition (SVD) is presented in this paper. Noise filtering is performed in the domain of singular values and singular vectors. A priori noise variance knowledge is not required, because a singular value-based noise variance estimation is performed in the first phase of th...

BACKGROUND Functional traits are the primary biotic component driving organism influence on ecosystem functions; in consequence, traits are widely used in ecological research. However, most animal trait-based studies use easy-to-measure characteristics of species that are at best only weakly associated with functions. Animal-mediated pollination is a key ecosystem function and is likely to be i...