The aims of this study were, first, to analyse the differences between referees and assistant referees in 20and 30-metre straight line sprinting test performance and in the maximum speeds registered in football matches; and, second, to analyse the differences between the maximum speeds registered in matches and in the straight line sprinting test. Twenty referees from the Spanish Third Football...

We utilize data from 5,010 soccer games in the top two Swiss divisions between 2005/06 and 2018/19 seasons. In these games, a referee can share same linguistic area with one of teams. Using referee-per-season fixed effects, we find that referees issue significantly more penalties, form yellow cards, to teams are not referee's area. also some evidence, highest level league only, red cards their ...

Despite their importance, referees are an often overlooked part of professional football. Referees integral the global game and required for fixtures to take place competitions occur. The English Premier League (EPL) provides a unique backdrop consider development within league, from formation up until present day. have dealt with numerous changes, developments technological advancements contin...

This paper investigates the impact of various editorial options of author/referee matching and referee behaviour for the quality and efficiency of peer review. We modelled the peer review process as an interaction of editors, authors and referees characterized by intrinsic knowledge asymmetry and subject to evaluation bias. We built various scenarios where referees could behave randomly or foll...

The peer-review process, in its present form, has been repeatedly criticized. Of the many critiques ranging from publication delays to referee bias, this paper will focus specifically on the issue of how submitted manuscripts are distributed to qualified referees. Unqualified referees, without the proper knowledge of a manuscript’s domain, may reject a perfectly valid study or potentially more ...

Thank you for submitting your manuscript for consideration by The EMBO Journal. It has now been seen by three referees whose comments to the authors are shown below. As you will see all three referees consider the study as highly interesting and important. Referees 2 and 3 offer strong and enthusiastic support for publication of the work here after minor revisions whereas referee 1 is more crit...

Thank you for submitting your manuscript to the EMBO Journal. Your study has now been seen by three referees and their comments to the authors are provided below. As you can see below, the referees find the analysis interesting and potentially suitable for publication here. However, the referees also find that a number of issues have to be further resolved and addressed in order to consider pub...