Current theories regarding colonization of South America by mammals are divided between those supported by fossil evidence, which suggest the original mammal fauna of the isolated continent was augmented by early immigrants (primates, caviomorph rodents, and later, procyonids) with a final large influx of northern mammals occurring with the formation of the Panama land bridge, and an opposing v...

In this paper we explore whether violence in Iraq is gravitating towards a steady state level of violence observed in other civil wars, such as those in Colombia, Sri Lanka, Sierra Leone, among others. Using data from the Iraq Body Count for 2003-2007, we explore whether civilian casualties follow a power law distribution. We replicate previous analyses of civilian casualties and confirm that c...

The Khabour Fm. (ordovicain) presents a prospective target for exploration and developiment, as it certains "Gas Condensate" light gravity, low sulfur oil, sweet gas proven by Akkas field, in the western desert of Iraq .
 Gas- condensate project is depth,hot,low permeability reservoir upper K1,K3,K5 sandstone members ,it's well known that deliverability gas-condensate wells can be improved...

In Iraq an industrial revolution is in full swing and is advancing more quickly than is fully appreciated. Most Iraqi industrialists have learned from the lessons of history and are not committing all the blunders made by the industrialists of the nineteenth century in Europe. The biggest and most important industry in Iraq is undoubtedly agriculture, and great efforts are now being made to mec...

Measuring anxiety in terms of interpersonal relationship is important because of the intricate link between interpersonal relationship anxiety and parent-child relationships. This needs a valid and reliable measure to assess interpersonal relationship anxiety. The Interpersonal Relationship Anxiety Questionnaire (IRAQ) may compose such a measure. The present study was carried out to investigate...

A critical analysis of the available accounts given about the United Sates (US) and United Kingdom (UK) – Iraq war (This was actually not a war but deliberate invasion) reveals a very cleverly calculated and planned strategy. The US and UK knew well in advance that Saddam Hussein had no weapons of mass destruction (WMD) (If Saddam Hussein had WMD then US and UK might have given him during Iran-...

A major question is whether different source regions across the Middle East account for changes in aerosol and dust particle characteristics, which impact Western Iran. Therefore, over a period of sampling from April 2017 to April 2018, dust particles were collected in Western Iran from different cities including Urmia, Sanandaj, Sare-Pole-Zahab, Dehloran and Abadan. The research aim is to comp...

Mineral dust is one of the most important aerosol components in Earth’s atmosphere. Desert constitute main types tropospheric aerosols whose optical property uncertainties are still quite important. In this study, we analyse variability depth (AOD), Angstrôm Exponent (α), Single Scattering Albedo (ω 0 ) and radiative forcing (ARF) desert recent measurements, for six AERONET sites covering belt ...