Forecasting how global warming will affect onset of the growing season is essential for predicting terrestrial productivity, but suffers from conflicting evidence. We show that accurate estimates require ways to connect discrete observations of changing tree status (e.g., pre- vs. post budbreak) with continuous responses to fluctuating temperatures. By coherently synthesizing discrete observati...

The impact of global warming on the water cycle can be extremely complex and diverse. The results of research summarized below illustrate the scale and the geography of the components' possible changes on a global, regional and local level due to global warming. The changes of air temperature, precipitation, river runoff, évapotranspiration and soil moisture are analyzed on different stages of ...

global warming is claimed to be the cause of climate change, which is often held responsible for water shortage.  let geopedology represents the complex process of soil formation, out of which much can be learnt about paleoecology; soil formation being a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and the hydrosphere. in a multidisciplinary sustainability-oriented study ...

an abrupt global warming event has been recorded in many parts of the world in sediments of latest maastrichtian age between 65.45-65.10 ma. this warm event was documented here at a section near ziyarat-kola in central alborz based on analysis of planktonic foraminifera. an unusual abundance of normally large-size species such as globotruncana arca, globigerinelloides subcarinatus, pseudoguembe...

BACKGROUND Patient warming has become a standard of care for the prevention of unintentional hypothermia based on benefits established in general surgery. However, these benefits may not fully translate to contamination-sensitive surgery (i.e., implants), because patient warming devices release excess heat that may disrupt the intended ceiling-to-floor ventilation airflows and expose the surgic...

The observed increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) since the preindustrial era has most likely committed the world to a warming of 2.4 degrees C (1.4 degrees C to 4.3 degrees C) above the preindustrial surface temperatures. The committed warming is inferred from the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates of the greenhouse forcing and climate se...

In order to plan for global changing climate experiments are being conducted in many countries, but few have monitored the effects of the climate change treatments (warming, elevated CO2) on the experimental plot microclimate. During three years of an eight year study with year-round feedback-controlled infra-red heater warming (1.5/3.0°C day/night) and growing season free-air CO2 enrichment (6...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether local warming of the lower arm and hand facilitates peripheral venous cannulation. DESIGN Single blinded prospective randomised controlled trial and single blinded randomised crossover trial. SETTING Neurosurgical unit and haematology ward of university hospital. PARTICIPANTS 100 neurosurgical patients and 40 patients with leukaemia who required chemotherapy...

The observed global-warming rate has been nonuniform, and the cause of each episode of slowing in the expected warming rate is the subject of intense debate. To explain this, nonrecurrent events have commonly been invoked for each episode separately. After reviewing evidence in both the latest global data (HadCRUT4) and the longest instrumental record, Central England Temperature, a revised pic...

Conducting manipulative climate change experiments in complex vegetation is challenging, given considerable temporal and spatial heterogeneity. One specific challenge involves warming of both plants and soils to depth. We describe the design and performance of an open-air warming experiment called Boreal Forest Warming at an Ecotone in Danger (B4WarmED) that addresses the potential for projecte...