In this article, we argue for a pragmatic understanding of the role news media and journalism not as truth keepers but mediators in public sphere. current debate on ‘post-truth politics’ emphasis is often put formulation ethical guidelines legal solutions to regain control over ‘unbound journalism’ or re-establish media. Instead holding journalists individually accountable spread fake news, con...

Critical Review of the Current Approaches to Spiritual Education for Children with an Emphasis on Islamic Teachings M. Kiyaani M. Mehrmohammadi, Ph.D. A.R. Saadeghzaadeh Ghamsari, Ph.D. M. Nozari, Ph.D. A historical review of spiritual education for children reveals three main outlooks on the relationship between religion and spirituality upon which approaches to spiritua...

In 1999, Pulitzer Prize winning historian and biographer Edmund Morris released his much-anticipated work on Ronald Reagan. Entitled Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan, this novel—or biography, or biographical novel— set off a great deal of controversy, not least among those who had hoped for a successor to Morris’s magisterial and quite factual, if interpretative, biography of Theodore Roosevelt...

modern age due to its epistemological virtue has a special important, since it defined a new relation between human and truth, in which some modern philosophers, like descartes, kant and nietzsche have more roles. in this thought, human could take place as the center and criterion of understanding and interpretation of truth. in fact, human’s subjectivism has been of more important role in unde...