Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to composting of organic waste and the use of compost were assessed from a waste management perspective. The GHG accounting for composting includes use of electricity and fuels, emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from the composting process, and savings obtained by the use of the compost. The GHG account depends on waste type and composition (kitchen o...

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a novel thermal conversion process that can be used to convert municipal waste streams into sterilized, value-added hydrochar. HTC has been mostly applied and studied on a limited number of feedstocks, ranging from pure substances to slightly more complex biomass such as wood, with an emphasis on nanostructure generation. There has been little work exploring ...

This process through the indirect use of intense heat in the absence of oxygen is able to reduce the material covered in fuel gas and organic matter. which reduces the material in a combustible gas and inorganic matter. The Thermax© pilot plant allows a thermal degradation that completely sanitizes waste destroying its toxic components through molecular dissociation. This technology also stands...

The incineration of municipal waste under existing legislative and operational boundary conditions is a very complex process. An optimisation in the emissions is possible by a splitting up of the combustion air into primary and secondary air. The mixing of the secondary air into the furnace is the most important feature in order to reach uniform oxygen, temperature and velocity distributions. T...

Following the Civil War, American concern mounted about the anesthetic safety of ether and of chloroform. After reviving the use of nitrous oxide for brief anesthetics, dentists and physicians had to hurdle new obstacles. Because most nitrous oxide administrations lacked supplementary oxygen, a roughly 50-s inhalation of 100% laughing gas might yield as little as 30 s procedurally for tooth ext...

Résumé. The two test cases presented herein aimed at simulating the transport migration of nuclides around a nuclear waste repository and belong to the "Two-Phases Numerical Test Data Base" presented in [1], [2]. They were initially designed in the framework of the French research group MoMaS [3]. The starting point in designing all the test cases presented in [1] comes from some of the main ch...

Superadiabatic Partial Oxidation for Hydrogen and Sulfur Production from Hydrogen Sulfide The Gas Technology Institute has been investigating superadiabatic partial oxidation concepts to not only develop novel, cost-effective processes to recover hydrogen and sulfur from hydrogen sulfide, but also produce hydrogen from natural gas and other liquid hydrocarbons, and gasify solid feedstocks, incl...

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are found on fly ash and in flue gas of municipal waste incinerators. Municipal waste incinerators seem to be the most important source for PCDDs and PCDFs emitted into the air during the last decades. PCDD/F formation takes place in the cooler zones (250 °C-450 °C) of a municipal waste incinerator, at the elect...

Landfills are a significant source of greenhouse gases, which contribute to the process of global warming. In the region covered by the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), changes in consumption patterns have led to an excessive dump of municipal solid waste (MSW). Thus, it is clearly an important time to re-evaluate conventional waste management protocols in order to establish methods that not on...

OBJECTIVE To determine if specially trained professional clowns allayed preoperative anxiety and resulted in a smooth anesthetic induction compared to the use of midazolam or no intervention. METHODS This was a randomized, controlled, and blinded study conducted with children 3-8 years of age undergoing general anesthesia and elective outpatient surgery. Patients were assigned to one of three...