Water absorption, membrane swelling, and self-diffusivity of water in 1100 equivalent weight Nafion were measured as functions of temperature and water activity. Free volume per water at 80 °C, determined from water uptake and volume expansion data, decreases with water content in the membrane from 12 cm(3)/mol at λ = 0.5 H(2)O/SO(3) to 1.5 cm(3)/mol at λ = 4. The change in free volume with wat...

In the present study, effect of nano additives in different ratios added to melamine formaldehyde adhesives on properties particleboards was investigated. this respect, two nanoclays [organo-modified (OMC) and unmodified (NC)] graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) were adhesive at rate 1%, 2% 4%. Along with physical (thickness swelling water absorption), mechanical (modulus rupture, modulus elasticity in...

It has been assumed that gelatin consists of a network of an insoluble material enclosing a solution of a more soluble material. The swelling of gelatin is therefore primarily an osmotic phenomena in that the water tends to diffuse in owing to the osmotic pressure of the soluble material. This osmotic pressure is opposed by the elasticity of the insoluble constituent, and equilibrium results wh...

Abstract The increasing swelling pressure of wood filler, occurring during the use a composite material, leads to formation internal microcracks, therefore, reducing hygroscopicity filler is an urgent task. This paper considers preacetylation technology in wood-polymer materials production. Wood particles were acetylated by soaking them acetic anhydride, followed heating vacuum drying cabinet a...

In clayey, swelling and more or less sodic soils, cultivation and seasonal climatic cycles induce variations in soil moisture which in turn cause variations in the soil structure. In particular, when the soil profile is saturated, some soils become impermeable because the soil porosity value does not remain sufficiently high throughout the drainage period to be effective for water movement. In ...

wheat starch is the most common type of starch in iran as well as many other parts of the world with enormous applications in food and non-food products. to improve its physicochemical properties or create new functionalities, starch can be modified by changing its molecular structure. amongst different methods for starch modification, physical methods have received more attention recently. pre...

-The crystalline and osmotic swelling of N~, Cs-, Mgand Ca-montmorillonite has been measured in dimethyl sulphoxide and in formamide, N-methyl formamide, dimethyl formamide, N-methyl acetamide and dimethyl acetamide. These liquids have similar dipole moments but their relative permittivities vary appreciably from values less than water to values greater than water. Na montmorillonite exhibits o...

Abstract Fiber rich by-products derived from primary agri-food production such as carrot pomace and potato pulp are available in large quantities, but their functional properties do not necessarily meet the requirements for use specific food applications. Thermomechanical treatment (extrusion) of changes both dietary fiber polysaccharide structures technofunctionality materials. Solubility cons...

We firstly measured the swelling of single trabeculae from human femur heads during water imbibition. Since the swelling is caused by water diffusing from external surfaces to the core of the sample, by measuring the sample swelling over time, we obtained direct information about the transport of fluids through the intimate constituents of bone, where the mineralization process takes place. We ...