The steam−carbon reaction, which is the essential reaction of the gasification processes of carbon-based feed stocks (e.g., coal and biomass), produces synthesis gas (H2 + CO), a synthetically flexible, environmentally benign energy source. The reaction is very endothermic, which mandates high temperatures and a large expenditure of energy to drive the reaction. We have found that using microwa...

The reactions of ruthenium clusters, Rux(+) (x = 2-5), and ruthenium oxide clusters, RuxOy(+) (x = 2-5, y = 1-2), with water molecules have been investigated by gas phase ion trap mass spectrometry and first principle density functional calculations. The joint experimental and theoretical study reveals that the reactions of the ruthenium oxide clusters with water are considerably more efficient...

Environmental considerations will probably change automobile fuels from gasoline and gas-oil to hydrogen (as fuel cell) in the future. Problems of fossil fuels include producing gaseous pollutants, such as NOx, CO, and even SO2 (from incomplete-hydrotreated fuels), which need catalytic converters and greenhouse gas emission (such as CO2, CH4, N2O) from the exhaust with a drastic effect on globa...

One of the technologies for Pre-Combustion Decarbonisation is the production of hydrogen rich fuel gas from fossil fuel feed stock by means of a water gas shift membrane reactor system. A study to develop and test hydrogen selective membranes for use in a water gas shift membrane reactor operating with sour synthesis gas has been sponsored by the CO2 Capture Project. The aim of the project was ...

The molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) has evolved to current megawatt-scale commercial power plants. When using the fuel cell for electrolysis (MCEC), it provides a promising option for producing fuel gases such as hydrogen, via water electrolysis, and syngas, via co-electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide. The molten carbonate cell can thereby operate reversibly as a dual energy converter for...