Platinum group metal–free (PGM-free) catalysts are promising candidates to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Because of their low activity, larger loadings used resulting thicker catalyst layers. Transport, particularly water management, thereby becomes a more prominent performance factor. Currently, very few works attempted understand management ...

introduction continuing environmental crisis, human was aware of the necessity for revising its method of dealing with the environment during the development. therefore, changing the development paradigm from classical to modern, sustainable development and environmental issues become major pillars of development and achieve sustainable development depends on the complete recognition of environ...

human activities in the recent years have considerably increased the rate of water pollution in many regions of the world. in this case study, the main sources of wastewater discharging into the gargar river were identified. using river and point source flow rates and water quality parameters measured along the river, the river water quality was simulated using a commonly used, one-dimensional ...

Water stress is regarded as a global challenge to forests. Unlike other water-limited areas, the water use strategies of rocky mountainous forests, which play an important ecohydrological role, have not received sufficient attention. To prove our hypothesis that species adopt different water use strategies to avoid competition of limited water resources, we used site abiotic monitoring, sap flo...

The Great Plains (Dakota) aquifer system is one of the most extensive in North America, extending from the Arctic Circle to New Mexico, and underlies approximately 94% of Nebraska. In Nebraska, we do not have the physical ground water monitoring data at the scale that is necessary to manage ground water flow systems. However, first-order management strategies for this regional aquifer can be de...

Identifying irrigation strategies that improve agricultural water use efficiency (WUE) have a pivotal role to play in sustainable water development. In this study, the AquaCrop model was used to examine the impact of different irrigation scheduling options on yields to identify viable strategies to enhance WUE for irrigated maize. Two scheduling scenarios at water application depths ranging fro...

The Water Framework Directive requires the development of management strategies and specific, detailed, plans to restore Irish rivers and Lakes to “good” status within a specified timeframe. Numerical models will be essential to explore the potential consequences of proposed strategies and to facilitate rational and transparent management decisions. There is a consensus that phosphorus is an im...