This review summarizes the superiorities and utilizations of 2D materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting including transition metal dichalcogenides, graphene, graphdiyne, black phosphorus, layered double hydroxides, g-C 3 N 4 , MXenes.

Global environmental pollution and energy crisis have been regarded as important issues in recent years, making people aware of the need to develop environmentally friendly sources. ZnO photocatalysts play a key role development hydrogen generation from water splitting via photocatalytic strategy. generally exhibits n-type conductivity, difficulty preparing p-type for forming stable p–n junctio...

A general framework for the thermodynamics of open systems is presented. The theory is fundamentally based on the generalized balance of mass, which is enhanced by additional surface-°ux and volume-source terms. The presentation highlights the in°uence of the enhanced mass balance on the remaining balance equations. To clarify the impact of the variable reference density, we introduce the notio...

Electrochemical water splitting has attracted significant attention as a key pathway for the development of renewable energy systems. Fabricating efficient electrocatalysts these processes is intensely desired to reduce their overpotentials and facilitate practical applications. Recently, metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoarchitectures featuring ultrahigh surface areas, tunable nanostructures, ...

Solar water splitting offers a potential avenue for the production of clean and storable energy in form hydrogen. Conjugated polymer photocatalysts offer new opportunities which are discussed this highlight.

Label-free photonic biosensors fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) can provide compact size, high evanescent field strength at the silicon waveguide surface, and volume fabrication potential. However, due to the large thermo optic coefficient of water-based biosamples, the sensors are temperature-sensitive. Consequently, active temperature control is usually used. However, for low cost app...