Direct contact membrane distillation process has been studied using microporous polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were characterized in terms of their non-wettability, pore size distribution and porosity. The mean pore sizes and pore size distributions were obtained by means of wet/ dry flow method. The mean pore size and the e¤ective porosity of the m...

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to clothing and equipment designed to protect individuals from chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive hazards. The materials used to provide this protection may exacerbate thermal strain by limiting heat and water vapor transfer. Any new PPE must therefore be evaluated to ensure that it poses no greater thermal strain than the curre...

PURPOSE OF THE PAPER The quantitative investigation of the relationship between the amount of water vapor in the terrestrial atmosphere and the corresponding changes in the transmissibility of the latter to the incoming solar energy, is the primary object of this paper. Bouguer's formula, which will later be treated in detail, furnishes an analytical means for this study. As generally used, how...

Synthetic polymer and plastics which are currently used as barrier materials in the packaging industry neither renewable nor biodegradable, creating a serious threat to ecosystem. Nano cellulose is obtained by breaking down fibers into nano-scale dimensions has unique properties with potential dramatically impact many commercial markets including packaging. This research investigates refining o...

Understanding the mode of transport of water vapor through the film is important for improving the moisture barrier properties of wheat gluten (WG) films. Effective permeability (Peff), solubility (Seff), and diffusion (Deff) coefficients of a hydrophilic cast WG film were determined at 25°C within the relative humidity (RH) range of 0–84% (with a 9–13% RH gradient between upstream and downstre...

The oxygen isotope enrichment of bulk leaf water (Delta(b)) was measured in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) leaves to test the Craig-Gordon and Farquhar-Gan models under different environmental conditions. Delta(b) increased with increasing leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (VPd) as an overall result of the responses to the ratio of ambient to intercellular vapor pressures (e(a)/e(i)) and to st...

Indirect whole room calorimetry is commonly used in studies of human metabolism. These calorimeters can be configured as either push or pull systems. A major obstacle to accurately calculating gas exchange rates in a pull system is that the excurrent flow rate is increased above the incurrent flow rate, because the organism produces water vapor, which also dilutes the concentrations of respirat...

A novel proton exchange membrane has been prepared using sulfonated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resin(SPSDR)–polyethylene(PE). The membrane is characterized by FT-IR, SEM and TGA/DSC. Water uptake, oxidative resistance, ionic conductivity and methanol permeability are measured to evaluate its performance in a direct methanol fuel cell. The on-set degradation temp...

Periods of oxygen deprivation can lead to ion and water imbalances in affected tissues that manifest as swelling (edema). Although oxygen deprivation-induced edema is a major contributor to injury in clinical ischemic diseases such as heart attack and stroke, the pathophysiology of this process is incompletely understood. In the present study we investigate the impact of aquaporin-mediated wate...