Given a nilpotent Lie algebra L of dimension $$\le 6$$ on an arbitrary field characteristic $$\ne 2$$ , we show direct method to detect whether is capable or not via computations the size its nonabelian exterior square $$L \wedge L$$ . For dimensions higher than 6, result general nature, based evidences low dimensional case, but also large families algebras, namely generalized Heisenberg algebr...

An ω-wedge is the (closed) set of all points contained between two rays that are emanating from a single point (the apex), and are separated by an angle ω < π. Given a convex polygon P , we place the ω-wedge such that P is inside the wedge and both rays are tangent to P . The ω-cloud of P is the curve traced by the apex of the ω-wedge as it rotates around P while maintaining tangency in both ra...

Purpose The purpose of this review is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between open and closed wedge distal femoral varus osteotomy (DFO). Methods A literature search of online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database) was made in addition to manual search of major orthopedic journals. Data were searched from the time period of January 1990 to October 2016. A...

Lower extremity mechanics during landing have been linked to traumatic and nontraumatic knee injuries, particularly in women's athletics. The effects of efforts to mitigate these risks have not been fully elucidated. We previously reported that a 5° medial wedge reduced ankle eversion and knee valgus. In the present report we further investigated the effect of a 5° medial wedge inserted in the ...

Valgus high tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the knee can be performed using medial opening- and lateral closing-wedge techniques. The latter have been thought to offer greater initial stability. We measured and compared the stability of opening- and closing-wedge osteotomies fixed by TomoFix plates using radiostereometry in a series of 42 patients in a prospecti...

Radiotherapy wedges constitute an important group within the generic classification of so-called Beam Modification Devices (BMD). Wedges are subdivided into Static, Dynamic, and Omni Wedges sug-groups. The standard static wedge attenuates the beam progressively, in such a way that the dose delivery is higher at the thin side, and lower at the broader side. The slope of the inferior surface has ...

T h e stress singularity of a sha rp wedge contacting a half p lane can b e avoided by changing t h e wedge shape. Shape optimization is accomplished wi th the geometric s t ra in method (GSM), an optimali ty criterion method. Several numerical examples a r e provided for different materials i n t h e wedge and half plane t o avoid stress singularity near t h e sha rp corner of t h e wedge. Opt...

We examined change of Runx2 and ALP expression in mouse tooth pulp which exposed to teeth separation experiment by immunohistochemistry as a model for conservative dentistry treatment. 8-week-old 36 male ddY mice were used and wedge was inserted between upper 1st and 2nd molars. The wedge was removed 30 minutes as well as 3 hours after the insertion and the samples were prepared extending up to...

Many conservative treatments exist for medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) which aims to reduce the external knee adduction moment (EKAM). The objective of this study was to determine the difference between different shoes and lateral wedge insoles on EKAM, knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI), external knee flexion moment, pain, and comfort when walking in individuals with medial knee OA. Seventy...