This paper concerns the testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the estimation of gene frequency in the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) system. An extensive simulation study for both testing and estimation is given for investigating the performance of the projection method by Eguchi and Matsuura, which has a closed form, and the method is asymptotically equivalent to the maximum likelihood me...

Nine short tandem repeat (STR) markers (D3S1358, VWA, FGA, THO1, TPOX, CSFIPO, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820) and a sex-identification marker (Amelogenin locus) were amplified with multiplex PCR and were genotyped with a four-color fluorescence method in samples from 174 unrelated Han individuals in North China. The allele frequencies, genotype frequencies, heterozygosity, probability of discrimi...

This study aims to provide a basis for the evaluation, protection, and utilization of the genetic resources of Chinese Yellow Quails by analyzing the polymorphism of these quail groups with nine microsatellite markers using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A total of 48 alleles were identified from nine microsatellite markers, with an average of 5.3 alleles per marker. The average hetero...

Eighteen STR loci and one sex determination locus present in the Finnzymes Canine 2.1 STR Multiplex Reagent Kit were screened in the UK dog population providing allele frequencies and population genetic parameters necessary for the application of STRs to forensic genetic casework. A total of 375 dogs were genotyped, including representative samples from each of twelve breeds used to evaluate Ha...

The problem of testing for genotype-phenotype association with loci on the X chromosome in mixed-sex samples has received surprisingly little attention. A simple test can be constructed by counting alleles, with males contributing a single allele and females 2. This approach does assume not only Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population from which the study subjects are sampled but also, per...

Bream (Abramis brama orientalis) is one of the most commercially valuable fish in the Caspian Sea. The aim of this study was to compare levels of genetic polymorphism between wild and farmed Bream populations using seven microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity was investigated by studying samples collected from two regions; Chaboksar and the Artificial Propagation Center of Guilan province. Alle...

1 Basic Concepts 2 1.1 Terminology and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Gametic Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4 Crossingover and Recombination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.5 Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1...