Many subterranean mammals are reported to generate or respond to seismic vibrations. Potential uses of seismic sensitivity in these animals include intraspecific communication between burrow systems, location of prey, detection of predators and even “seismic echolocation” of distant obstacles. Although the auditory and/or somatosensory systems have been variously implicated, the mechanisms used...

The exchange of groundwater between land and sea is a major component of the hydrological cycle. This exchange, called submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), is comprised of terrestrial water mixed with sea water that has infiltrated coastal aquifers. The composition of SGD differs from that predicted by simple mixing because biogeochemical reactions in the aquifer modify its chemistry. To emph...

Subterranean environments, even though they do not possess a primary production (photosynthesis), may present high biodiversity, faunistic originality, endemism, phylogenetic isolations and unique ecological and/or evolution events, in addition to rare taxa. Studies investigating the biological diversity in Neotropical caves are relatively rare and recent, and most of them have been conducted i...

The Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi, is a tropical species but has increasingly been collected from the subtropics in recent years, making it sympatric to the Formosan subterranean termite, C. formosanus in at least three areas, Taiwan, Hawaii, and Florida. Simultaneous flights by these two species were observed since 2013 in South Florida, during which interspecies tandems were...

Various concentrations (100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 ppm) of boric acid were tested in laboratory to check its potential as a slow-acting toxicant against subterranean termite, Heterotermes indicola (Rhinotermitidae: Isoptera). Under the tested concentrations, ELT 50 (Effective Lethal Dose to kill 50% of the exposed termites) values ranged from 2.7 to 5.4 days while ELT 90 were 4.5 and 9.1 da...

New locations of Coletinia maggii (Grassi, 1887) have been discovered in the center of the Iberian Peninsula in different types of subterranean environments, such as a stony layer in the subsoil of an alluvial plain, an alluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum or Milieu Souterrain Superficiel (MSS) and a gypsum cave. This is the first record of both an alluvial MSS in the center of the Iberian Peni...

The freshwater crustaceans from the order Amphipoda occur mainly in cold and temperate climates. However, in the tropics, these animals can be more abundant in subterranean environments, where the temperatures are milder than in surface. Despite being accepted that the number of species of freshwater amphipods in South America is lower when compared to other regions, recent descriptions have sh...

Typhloreicheia monachasp. n. and Typhloreicheia ilianaesp. n. are described from two caves of Central-Eastern Sardinia (Nuoro province): the Bue Marino cave and the Nurra 'e Pradu cave, respectively. Both caves are located in the part of the island where many highly specialised subterranean carabid beetles are localised. Typhloreicheia monacha is apparently related to two other species of the s...

A paper on the subject of grass-grub and subterranean caterpillar control was read at the -1950 Grassland Conference at Invercargill; the work has been continued and the Ashburton Station has issued a pamphlet giving more definite recommendations than in the previous paper. The present paper is confined to control ,of grass-grubs, but the same treatment will automatically kill porina (subterran...