In mountain pastures worldwide, studies investigating vegetation changes due to long-term grazing and environmental are sparse, especially regarding the effects of in snowmelt patterns. The outstanding availability historical data from Kyrgyz creates unique opportunities study past forecast future changes, making them ideal model ecosystems. Using a resurvey approach, we explored response manag...

S U M M A R Y Using both numerical experiments and approximate linear theory, we examine the stability of a 2-D, three-layered viscous system that represents crust over mantle lithosphere, overlying asthenosphere. If horizontal shortening of lithosphere occurs, as in mountain building, the development of gravitational instability may follow one of two distinct paths. Localized downwelling occur...

The early Paleozoic Terskey Suture zone, located in the southern part of Northern Tien Shan domain Kyrgyzstan, comprises tectonic slivers dismembered ophiolites and associated primitive volcanics deep-marine sediments. In Lake Songkul area, early-middle Cambrian pillow basalts are crosscut by Songkultau intrusion coarse-grained gneissose quartz diorites tonalites with geochemical characteristic...

Phenomena have been observed in mountain high-energy cosmic-ray experiments, namely, a delayed absorption of cascades initiated by hadrons lead absorber at E0≳ 1014 eV (so-called long-flying component), coplanarity most energetic particles the central region γ-ray−hadron superfamilies, and so-called Tien Shan effect EAS cores 1016 s>5 TeV. These effects are not described theoretical models. ...