Given a simplicial group G, there are two known classifying simplicial set constructions, the Kan classifying simplicial set WG and Diag NG, where N denotes the dimensionwise nerve. They are known to be weakly homotopy equivalent. We will show that WG is a strong simplicial deformation retract of Diag NG. In particular, WG and Diag NG are simplicially homotopy equivalent.

This study examines the mineralogy, texture, and weathering grades of intrusive igneous rocks from northern Pakistan, as well their impacts on physical strength properties. In comparison to felsic rocks, mafic intermediate have lower cumulative proportions quartz, feldspar, plagioclase, higher specific gravity, (i.e., UCS R-value), UPV values. Similarly, samples with anhedral grain shapes, irre...

We are investigating how Drosophila imaginal disc cells establish and maintain their appendage-specific determined states. We have previously shown that ectopic expression of wingless (wg) induces leg disc cells to activate expression of the wing marker Vestigial (Vg) and transdetermine to wing cells. Here we show that ectopic wg expression non-cell-autonomously induces Vg expression in leg dis...

The Hedgehog (Hh) and Wingless (Wg) signaling pathways play important roles in animal development. The activities of the two pathways depend on each other during Drosophila embryogenesis. In the embryonic segment, Wg is required in anterior cells to sustain Hh secretion in adjacent posterior cells. Hh input in turn is necessary for anterior cells to maintain wg expression. The Hh and Wg pathway...

Apoptosis and proliferation are very important processes during central nervous system development. In our study we concentrated on human fetus retina, regio respiratoria and olfactoria. The aims of our work were to evaluate a proliferative activity proved by PCNA and KI-67 gene expressions, to measure an expression of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2, and finally to compare levels of apoptosis and pr...

The finding that Wingless (WG) and Decapentaplegic (DPP) suppress each others transcription provides a mechanism for creating developmental territories in fields of cells. Here, we address the mechanism of that antagonism. The dishevelled (dsh) and shaggy (sgg) genes encode intracellular proteins generally thought of as downstream of WG signaling. We have investigated the effects of changing ei...

The specification of the body plan in vertebrates and invertebrates is controlled by a variety of cell signaling pathways, but how signaling output is translated into morphogenesis is an ongoing question. Here, we describe genetic interactions between the Wingless (Wg) signaling pathway and a nonmuscle myosin heavy chain, encoded by the crinkled (ck) locus in Drosophila. In a screen for mutatio...

• Numerial simulation of spreading drops on a wettable surface. • We discuss the effect of the main parameters (density, viscosity, surface tension, drop radius and wettability). • Power law evolutions observed in experiments (t/2, t/10) are recovered and discussed. • The combined effect of viscosity and wettability has a significant effect on the spreading.

A simple procedure for coating the interior surface of Beckman Ultra-Clear centrifuge tubes with polyvinyl alcohol is described. The coated tubes are wettable and allow salt solutions to gravity-feed down their sides. This modification of the tubes permits the performance of previously developed density gradient and uniform density ultracentrifugation procedures for lipoprotein fractionation.

Fungicide benomyl is easily decomposed to carbendazim (MBC) and butyl isocyanate (BIC) in formulation, BIC is further hydrolyzed to butylamine. The BIC also reacts with butylamine to form N,N'-dibutylurea (DBU), a phytotoxic compound. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of selected additives and the manufacturing method of benomyl water dispersible granules (WG) on reducing...