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In addition to its use as complementizer or relativizer (henceforth optional that), that can also occur as a demonstrative determiner (henceforth determiner that) or pronoun (henceforth pronoun that). So, if the embedded subject of a complement or relative clause begins with determiner that, (3a), or if the subject is a pronoun that, (3b), speakers have the option to avoid uttering two adjacent...

Why is it impossible to process The rat the cat the dog chased ate died? The standard explanations all focus on its syntactic structure, but the present paper offers an alternative explanation in terms of semantic structure. The syntactic account cannot explain why some sentences which are syntactically similar are much easier to process. The difficult sentences seem to be those in which an emb...

This article claims that what is referred to as the Relevancy Condition on Korean Internally Headed Relative Clauses (IHRC) (Kuroda 1976-77, Y-B Kim 2002) consists of both grammatical and pragmatic sub-conditions, which respectively make the embedded clause related to the embedding clause via a grammatical mediator and bear a circumstantial, a causal, or a concessive relation to it. I show, how...

This paper investigates whether structural priming is sensitive to the phrasal vs. clausal nature of the constructions it tests. To that end, we examine NPs that receive a question-like interpretation when embedded under certain predicates. These NPs study that establishes co-occurrence patterns of the target embedding predicates. We t Both written sentence completion tasks demonstrate structur...

Starting with Perlmutter (1971) and the filter proposed in Chomsky and Lasnik (1977), that-trace effects have been mainly conceived as a ban on subject extraction out of an embedded clause introduced by a complementizer. In this paper, we propose an alternative perspective based on the observation that that-trace (like) effects arise not only in sentences involving subject extraction but also i...

2 Abstract In this article I defend the view that many central aspects of the semantics of tense are determined by independently-motivated principles of syntactic theory. I begin by decomposing tenses syntactically into a temporal ordering predicate (the true tense, on this approach) and two time-denoting arguments corresponding to covert a reference time (RT) argument and an eventuality time (...

Despite the a priori desiratum of assimilating the derivation and interpretation of wh-questions in Japanese to that in English, empirical evidence shows that overt displacement of wh-phrases in Japanese is not the same as overt wh-movement in English. The syntax of wh-phrases in Japanese is essentially the same as that of non-wh-phrases. Failure of scope reconstruction in certain cases is not ...

conclusions wh may control the glycemic level in people with diabetes, but it may be associated with minor and major side effects. further in vitro studies, using these seven compounds, are recommended to determine the efficacy and complications of wh in people with diabetes. results the average daily bs level and insulin dose decreased in seven subjects. two subjects developed generalized prur...

This commentary responds to the assertions by Foreman et al. that credentialing of women's health (WH) fellows by the American Board of Medical Subspecialties and accreditation of current and future WH fellowships by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education would improve the health and healthcare of women by increasing the number of primary care providers competent to meet a gro...