Introduction: One of the most perplexing phenomenons in orthodontics is the crowding of anterior teeth, which brings the patient to the orthodontist seeking remedy because of its aesthetic and functional consequences. The present study was aimed to clinically evaluate and compare the efficiency of NiTi and multistranded stainless steel wire during initial levelling and aligning of crowded lower...

This work offers an analysis of the wire feedability-related properties of Al-5Mg solid wire electrodes bearing Zr. Effects of Zr content on microstructures and mechanical properties of the Al-5Mg alloys were studied. Experimental results have demonstrated that α-Al dendrites of the as-cast Al-5Mg alloy are refined, and the tensile strength, microhardness and roughness of the 1.2 mm wire electr...

A century ago, in 1909, Martin Kirschner (1879-1942) introduced a smooth pin, presently known as the Kirschner wire (K-wire). The K-wire was initially used for skeletal traction and is now currently used for many different goals. The development of the K-wire and its insertion devices were mainly influenced by the change in operative goals and by the introduction of antibiotics. The first versi...

Cancer cells form actin-rich degradative protrusions (invasive pseudopods and invadopodia), which allows their efficient dispersal during metastasis. Using biochemical and advanced imaging approaches, we demonstrate that the N-WASP-interactors WIP and WICH/WIRE play non-redundant roles in cancer cell invasion. WIP interacts with N-WASP and cortactin and is essential for invadopodium assembly, w...

The complications of mechanical lithotripsy include a trapped basket surrounding the stone, fracture of the basket wires or the main operation wire, malfunction of the mechanical lithotriptor crank handle, and ductal injury [1,2]. Impaction of a basket with a captured stone inside occurs occasionally not only during mechanical lithotripsy but also during removal of small stones with non-lithotr...

PURPOSE Tension band wiring is commonly used for fixation of simple transverse fractures. The popular configuration is parallel Kirschner wires (K-wires) and a stainless steel wire loop placed in a vertically oriented figure-of-8. METHODS We used a wooden model of a patella with a midway transverse fracture and compared four different types of fixation. The first construct had a vertical figu...

This report introduces an experimental design that discovers a new relationship between a cell placement for minimized wire crossing in bipartite (two-layer) graphs and a cell placement in linear arrangement, optimized for minimum total wire length as measured after rectilinear routing in a single channel. We introduce hypercrossing, a new crossing model for graphs, and demonstrate that the tot...

I t is well known that under certain conditions the reaction of iron wire with nitric acid exhibits an automatic r h y t h m of sometimes remarkable regularity, consisting in an alternation of active and passive periods. 1 In a recent study of this phenomenon ~ I have found the most regular rhythms in soft iron wire of low carbon content. Wire drawn from iron prepared by electrolysis of pure so...

We develop a ray optics model of a silicon wire array geometry in an attempt to understand the very strong absorption previously observed experimentally in these arrays. Our model successfully reproduces the n2 ergodic limit for wire arrays in free space. Applying this model to a wire array on a Lambertian back reflector, we find an asymptotic increase in light trapping for low filling fraction...