a wireless sensor network consists of many inexpensive sensor nodes that can be used toconfidently extract data from the environment .nodes are organized into clusters and in each cluster all non-cluster nodes transmit their data only to the cluster-head .the cluster-head transmits all received data to the base station .because of energy limitation in sensor nodes and energy reduction in each d...

Today, information networks play an important role in supply chain management. Therefore, in this article, clustering-based routing protocols, which are one of the most important ways to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, are used to optimize the supply chain informational cloud network. Accordingly, first, a clustering protocol is presented using self-organizing map neu...

With the rapid growth of wireless access networks, various providers offer their services using different technologies such as Wi-Fi, Wimax, 3G, 4G and so on. These networks compete for the scarce wireless spectrum. The spectrum is considered to be a scarce resource moderated by the spectrum allocation regulatory (“regulatory” for short) which is the governance body aiming to maximize the socia...

The fundamental intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) deployment problem is investigated for IRS-assisted networks, where one IRS arranged to be deployed in a specific region assisting the communication between an access point (AP) and multiple users. Specifically, three schemes are considered, namely non-orthogonal (NOMA), frequency division (FDMA), time (TDMA). weighted sum rate maximization j...

the opportunity of a detailed link adaptation scheme. The combination of these transmission-and multiple access techniques in OFDM-FDMA is an ideal and very strong candidate for the downlink of future 4G mobile communication systems. This technical combination offers high cell capacities by exploiting the inherent multi user diversity effect of the system. To apply OFDM-FDMA in the uplink, the ...

In this paper we explore some important applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are 8 Sections. Section 2 discuss structural monitoring. We present how WSNs used in traffic control 3. 4 shows the use field telemedicine. Pipeline monitoring with illustrated 5 and WSN precision agriculture 6. 7 usage natural disaster is explored. Finally, conclusion given 8.

CDMA (code division multiple access) provides higher capacity, flexibility, scalability, reliability and security than conventional FDMA (frequency division multiple access) and TDMA (time division multiple access). It has already been widely deployed in the second generation cellular communication systems and was proposed for the emerging and future wireless systems, including the third genera...