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The Relationship between Physical Activity and Executive Control Functioning as Modified by Genotype
Title of Document: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXECUTIVE CONTROL FUNCTIONING AS MODIFIED BY GENOTYPE Joe W. Hearn, Master of Arts, 2007 Directed By: Professor Bradley D. Hatfield Department of Kinesiology As we age, the structure of the brain deteriorates and cognitive functioning declines. The region of the brain that begins to age the fastest is the frontal lobe, in which t...
This study investigated inhibitory function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during a Go/NoGo task. Fourteen healthy volunteers and 13 patients with PD without dementia performed a cued continuous performance test that included Go and NoGo trials. The peak latency, amplitude, and topographic distributions of the ERPs to Go and NoGo sti...
OBJECTIVE Dysfunction of neuronal plasticity or remodelling seems to contribute to the pathopysiology of major depression and may cause the well-documented hippocampal changes in depression. We aimed to investigate whether reduced hippocampal volumes correlate with executive dysfunctioning or memory dysfunctioning or with depression severity. METHODS We recruited 34 inpatients with a previous...
The effects of electrolytic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or its subregions were investigated on two cognitive tests that may have relevance to the behavioral impairments of patients with schizophrenia. One task consisted of a delayed non-match-to-sample and reversal of the non-match-to-sample rule, in a Skinner box. The reversal component simulated the essential feature of rul...
Recent reports of spatial working memory deficits in schizophrenia provide evidence for dorsolateral prefrontal cortical (DLPFC) dysfunction. However, the question of how spatial working memory performance relates to other task impairments in schizophrenia considered reflective of frontal dysfunction, such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and smooth pursuit eye tracking, has been large...
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) is located within the schizophrenia (SCZ) suspected locus chr1q21.1. A recent study reported that a single nucleotide polyphormism (SNP) within BCL9 (rs583583) is associated with negative symptoms of Schizophrenia, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), in the Caucasian population. We therefore investigated genetic association of rs583583, ...
Although there are several studies on the effects of mental fatigue on task performance, still much is unknown about the cognitive processes that underlie performance deficits under fatigue. In the current study we test the idea that behavioral manifestations of mental fatigue may be linked to compromised executive control. Executive control refers to the ability to regulate perceptual and moto...
background: cognitive impairment in patients with parkinson’s disease (pd) mainly involves executive function (ef). the frontal assessment battery (fab) is an efficient tool for the assessment of efs. the aims of this study were to determine the validity and reliability of the psychometric properties of the persian version of fab and assess its correlation with formal measures of efs to provide...
BACKGROUND The influence of stress on neuropsychological functioning was assessed in socially phobic (SP), comorbid socially phobic/major depression (CM), and asymptomatic control subjects (AC) under baseline and stressor conditions. METHODS Subjects were 33 clinically diagnosed undergraduates aged 18 to 41 years. Neuropsychological measures included the Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sort...
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, was applied over the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to explore its impact in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among 25 adults with ASD, 19 (mean age: 20.8 years) completed the randomized, sham-controlled, crossover trial. Every pa...
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