muhammad ibn jarir al-tabari (839-923) was a moslem historian and religious scholar whose annals are the most important source for the early history of islam. he is also a renowned author of a monumental commentary on the koran. at tabari wrote history, theology and qur'anic commentary. his legal writings were published first and then continued to appear throughout his life. next were his ...

the life of ibn hani can be divided into two parts: the first period under the umayyad rule in andalusia, where he spends nearly three decades of his life in his homeland in obscurity without referring scholars in his life to the poem or literary pieces, and the second period is in moroccan area, proven in his divan, after his sun has raised and shone commonly mentioned there.  the study in the...

john hick’s pluralism hypothesis is an endeavor from and within christian tradition to explain the relation of christianity with other world religions. his basically claim is that all religions epistemologically have the same value and do well in leading their followers to the ultimate salvation. for justifying his claim, hick has to defend his hypothesis at two levels: first he has to defend t...

The present article seeks to carry out along the lines of interpretation of the recent Portuguese Constitutional Court case law on the possibility of an employee to observe a worship day imposed by religious beliefs. In this approach to the question, considerations on the subject of the relationship between religious freedom and labour relations will inevitably arise. We intend to draw conclusi...

tawfigh al-hakim is a contemporary egyptian playwright who is known as the father of arabic playwriting. he felt the need to search about the human character and its dimensions, so, this issue, has been the major them in his plays. through benefiting from humanistic theories in some western literary and philosophical schools, he has combined them with religious issues and eastern mythology to i...

resistance literature in many arab and non-arab is extensively used as a recent style of literature. some poets applying this style played an important role in the imagination of beautiful and dynamic visualization, and the undertaking lebanese poet, mohammad ali shams al-din is considered as one of them. he also considers other modern contemporary poets, in order to express his viewpoints by u...

While many citizens may view an adult Jehovah’s Witness’ refusal of the blood transfusion that might otherwise save her life as irrational, the refusal alone does not lead the courts in England and Wales to conclude that she lacks competence. Her refusal will be considered competent, provided that she comprehends, believes and is able to weigh the information which is relevant to her decision a...

For us, readers of Chaucer living in an age when appeal to religious passions and sentiments as a means for the realization of worldly objectives by some charlatans has grown significantly, reviewing the theme of religious hypocrisy treated in The Canterbury Tales can be useful in a way that it proves a helpful means for recognizing and dealing with the hypocrites. The Pardoner of the Tales is ...